Unesterified plant sterols and stanols lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations equivalently in hypercholesterolemic persons

Vanstone, Catherine A.; Raeini−Sarjaz, Mahmoud; Parsons, William D.; Jones, Peter J H

doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1272

Cited by 154 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, previous experiments in metabolism of cholesterol indicate the potential for a reciprocal relationship in absorption and synthesis where change in one parameter oppositely affects the other. 19,[34][35][36][37][38] A paucity of trials exists which measure the effects of weight loss on both absorption and synthesis. The only research found was in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using plant sterol and cholesterol precursors as indicators of absorption and synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C-enriched CO 2 and D 7 -enriched water was separated by vacuum distillation. 19 Isotopic enrichment of the [ 13 C]cholesterol and [D 7 ]cholesterol tracers was verified using nuclear magnetic resonance (CDN Isotopes, Pointe Claire, Canada) and were found to be 499 atom% excess. 13 C and D 7 enrichment of free cholesterol was assessed by differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Plasma Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…16,17 Cholesterol absorption Determination of cholesterol absorption is described elsewhere. 18,19 Briefly, lipids were extracted from RBC in duplicate using a modified Folch extraction procedure, and free cholesterol was isolated by thin-layer chromatography. 18 Free cholesterol was then combusted for 4 h at 5401C to 13 C-enriched CO 2 , and D 7 enriched water.…”

Section: Plasma Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C and D 7 enrichment of free cholesterol was assessed by differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry. 19 Cholesterol absorption coefficient (CAC) was calculated for hours 48 and 72 by the following equation 20 :…”

Section: Plasma Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,21 Additionally, deuterium enrichment of plasma water was determined, as described elsewhere. 19 Fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of cholesterol over 24 h was determined using the following equation that corrects for cholesterol deuterium : protium ratio 21 :…”

Section: Cholesterol Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine how moderate weight loss protocol through diet and exercise may affect changes in body composition, to determine the effects of weight loss on cholesterol metabolism and to examine the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and changes in body composition. Design: Thirty-five otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic women completed a 24-week weight loss study. A 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure by exercise were combined with motivational strategies to encourage weight loss. The diet was self-selected and comprised of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein and o30% fat. Results: Participants lost an average of 11.772.5 kg (Po0.001). Whole body and regional losses in tissue mass occurred after weight loss. After weight loss, cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) decreased (P ¼ 0.003) 3.8679.33%, whereas rates of cholesterol absorption and turnover did not change (3.31719.4%, P ¼ 0.32 and À0.0176.20%, P ¼ 0.75, respectively). Changes in cholesterol turnover were positively correlated (r ¼ 0.44, P ¼ 0.01) with changes in FSR. Reductions in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were predictive (b ¼ À5.04, r ¼ 0.38; P ¼ 0.03, and b ¼ À147, r ¼ 0.40; P ¼ 0.03, respectively) of increases in cholesterol turnover. Losses in skeletal muscle (SM) and upper-body SM predicted (b ¼ 6.82, r ¼ 0.36; P ¼ 0.04 and b ¼ 14.7, r ¼ 0.41; P ¼ 0.01, respectively) decreases in cholesterol absorption. Conclusions: Decreases in cholesterol synthesis after moderate weight loss are not compensated for by changes in cholesterol absorption or turnover. Changes in regional body composition were associated with variations in cholesterol metabolism. Understanding how weight loss affects cholesterol metabolism will help identify more effective treatment routes for overweight individuals undergoing weight loss resulting in earlier and more intensive therapy for the associated dyslipidemia.

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