Unemployment by Gender: Evidence from EU Countries

Bakas, Dimitrios; Papapetrou, Evangelia

doi:10.1007/s11294-013-9423-2

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although there are general gender indicators that have been calculated to measure the degree of gender inequality, namely the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), they do not measure gender inequality in unemployment (Busse and Spielmann 2006). Unlike Gimenez-Nadal and Molina (2014), Ollikainen (2006), Sengul (2017), and many others who compared gender unemployment rates of women with men unemployment rates, or Bakas and Papapetrou (2014), Peiro et al (2012) and others who analyzed the gender inequality in unemployment using the ratio of female to male unemployment rates or their differences, as proposed by Queneau and Sen (2007), we propose a unemployment gender inequality indicator that extracts the tendency of unemployment gender inequality from the tendency of the unemployment rates by gender. Gender inequality has already been described by many characteristics such as education (Weiss 2000), age (Maloney 2011), duration of unemployment (Pašic et al 2011).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hysteresis in unemployment gender gaps was analyzed by Queneau and Sen with ADF unit root test (Queneau and Sen 2007), LM test (Queneau and Sen 2009a) and Phillips-Perron test which allows for one structural break (Queneau and Sen 2009b), who discovered that gender inequality is disappearing with time. Bakas and Papapetrou (2014) who analyzed hysteresis in unemployment gender gaps with ILT and CA-ILT test claim that unemployment gender inequality is still persistent. Belloc and Tilli (2012) analyzed hysteresis in unemployment gender gaps using Zivot and Andrews test.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries

Faďoš

Bohdalová

2018

Eurasian Econ Rev

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Gender inequality is persistent in the labor market despite equality between genders being one of the fundamental principles of the EU law. This is a reason why we have decided to analyze gender inequality in unemployment rates of the 27 European Union countries. Unemployment gender inequality differs across EU countries. There are countries where gender gap is persistent, but there are also countries where gender gap changed during the observed period of 2005Q1-2017Q2. Moreover, in some countries gender inequality decreased, while in others it was steady. Unemployment rates differ across countries similarly as unemployment gender inequality does, therefore, by choosing these countries, we have obtained a portfolio of distinct behaviors throughout the time. We have also obtained the relations between them. We test the hypothesis of the hysteresis to check the relation between the unemployment gender inequality and the unemployment rate levels, gender disadvantaged through unemployment gender inequality and the unemployment rate levels. This hypothesis was tested for both univariate and panel data country series. We could not reject the hypothesis of the hysteresis in univariate country series using a battery of GLS unit root tests proposed by Carrióni-Silvestre et al. (Econ Theory 25:1754-1792, 2009. However, ILT test of Im et al. (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 67:393-419, 2005) rejected the hypothesis of the hysteresis for panel data of the European Union countries. Finally, the relationship between unemployment gender inequality and disadvantaged gender in inequality depends on the country analyzed. This result suggests that further analysis is needed to identify * Marina Faďoš

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries

Faďoš

Bohdalová

2018

Eurasian Econ Rev

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“…According to Queneau and Sen (2007), gender inequality in unemployment is not persistent and is disappearing. Bakas and Papapetrou (2014) claimed that gender inequality is still persistent. Peiró, Belaire-Franch and Gonzalo (2012) claimed that cyclical disturbances had considerable influence on unemployment, especially on male unemployment.…”

Section: Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the European Union, Spain and Switzerland Gender Inequality In Unemployment by Education Attainment

Faďoš¹,

Bohdalová²

2017

JHRMR

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Gender inequality can differ by education attainment of the unemployed. Discrepancy between education attainment of the unemployed changed too. Nowadays, the ratio between primary and tertiary education in unemployment is higher than ever before in Spain and the European Union. Inequality among unemployed people in Switzerland couldn't be proven. Gender inequality in unemployment by education attainment and convergence of education attainment of the unemployed in the European Union, Spain and Switzerland was examined in this paper. Analysis has been carried out using unit-root test which allows for one structural break. With this method, we have examined the validity of hysteresis in unemployment gender inequality by education attainment and discrepancy between education attainment of the unemployed, analysed persistence of inequality and influence of the random shocks on them. Discrepancies between education attainment of the unemployed were compared by genders with Paired samples t-test. Women are still at a disadvantage compared to men, random economic shocks have low or non-existent impact on the gender gap and education attainment discrepancies in analysed countries and the European Union, and their impact has been just temporary. Education attainment discrepancy increased among the unemployed in Spain and the European Union, this could be the consequence of companies changed preference of employee education. They preferred employees with higher education attainment before those with lower education attainment.

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“…Son dönemde literatürdeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan yeni yöntemler ile birlikte işsizlik histerisinin geçerliliği geniş çapta incelenmeye devam edilmektedir (Lee vd, 2009;Ener ve Arıca, 2011;Dritsaki ve Dritsaki, 2013, Ari vd. 2013Bakas ve Papapetrou, 2014;Kula ve Aslan, 2014 (Furuoka, 2014b: 8 (Enders ve Lee, 2012: 197-198 …”

Section: Li̇teratürunclassified

İŞSİZLİK HİSTERİSİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ: TÜRKİYE ve SEÇİLMİŞ AB ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Kahyaoğlu¹,

Tüzün²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2016

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

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ÖZETİşsizliğin dinamik eğilimleri hakkında literatürde iki önemli hipotez mevcuttur. Bunlardan ilki, Friedman (1968) ve Phelps (1968) tarafından ileri sürülen "doğal oran" hipotezidir. İşsizlik ile ilgili ikinci yaklaşım ise "histeri" olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Blanchard ve Summers (1986, 1987, Layard, Nickell ve Jackman (1991) ve Barro (1988) Friedman (1968) and Phelps (1968), and the second proposition on unemployment is known as the "hysteresis" hypothesis.

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Unemployment by Gender: Evidence from EU Countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries

Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries

Comparison of the European Union, Spain and Switzerland Gender Inequality In Unemployment by Education Attainment

İŞSİZLİK HİSTERİSİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ: TÜRKİYE ve SEÇİLMİŞ AB ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

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