Unemployment and health: selection or causation ‐ a false antithesis?

Bartley, Mel

doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340114

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Material factors like employment status and receipt of public benefits as indicators of financial situation and current living status represent a straightforward explanation of income inequalities in mortality, but probably point out to a life long accumulation of disadvantages 18 . Low paid persons are more prone to unemployment 19 and public benefits receipt; while being employed might provide additional material benefits. Nonetheless, employment status and social benefits might also be interpreted in terms of health selection, and the reverse causal direction to income can not be totally disregarded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material, psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality: evidence from the HUNT study

Skalická¹,

Lenthe²,

Bambra³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Epidemiology

122

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Citation for published item:klik¡ D F nd ventheD pF nd fmrD gF nd urokstdD F nd wkenhD tF @PHHWA 9wterilD psyhosoilD ehviourl nd iomedil ftors in the explntion of soioEeonomi inequlities in mortlity X evidene from the rx studyF9D snterntionl journl of epidemiologyFD QV @SAF ppF IPUPEIPVRF Further information on publisher's website:his is preEopyEediting uthorEprodued hp of n rtile epted for pulition in snterntionl journl of epidemiology following peer reviewF he de(nitive pulisherEuthentited version klik¡ D F nd ventheD pF nd fmrD gF nd urokstdD F nd wkenhD tF @PHHWA 9wterilD psyhosoilD ehviourl nd iomedil ftors in the explntion of soioEeonomi inequlities in mortlity X evidene from the rx studyF9D snterntionl journl of epidemiologyFD QV @SAF ppF IPUPEIPVR is ville online tX httpXGGijeFoxfordjournlsForgGgiGontentGstrtGQVGSGIPUP Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material, psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality: evidence from the HUNT study

Skalická¹,

Lenthe²,

Bambra³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Epidemiology

122

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“…There is also little theoretical work on this issue (see, however, Bartley, 1988). A number of studies mention the possibility that health status may affect selection into or out of unemployment, but the specific mechanisms relating these variables are generally not discussed in any detail.…”

Section: Mechanisms Connecting Health and Job Loss Or Re-employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As pointed out by previous authors, however, it is not difficult to imagine that the existence or strength of such selection effects may differ considerably from one population or situation to another. Bartley (1988) has suggested, for instance, that differential selection out of unemployment is likely to be stronger when the demand for labour is low and employers are able to choose from a large pool of job seekers. Similar variability in the importance of health as a determinant of job loss may be expected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unemployment and Health: Selection Effects

Mastekaasa

1996

J. Community. Appl. Soc. Psychol.

116

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A large number of studies have shown that the unemployed are less healthy, both physically and psychologically, than the employed. The explanation may be that unemployment has negative health effects. An alternative, or additional, explanation is that healthy persons are less likely to become unemployed or more likely to find new employment if they become unemployed. Such effects of health on employment status are generally referred to as selection effects. The present paper analyses to what extent such selection effects are present in the Norwegian labour market. Panel data with observations made in 1989 and 1993 are used. The analyses show that people with psychological problems are more likely to be laid off, and there is also some evidence that psychological or physical health problems may reduce the chances of finding a new job if one has become unemployed. It is of particular interest that these selection effects can be documented for a country like Norway, which has strong legislation supporting worker rights and a quite high degree of unionization.

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“…Regarding the relationship between unemployment and (ill) health, today, most researchers assume a co-existence of selection as well as causation mechanisms to account for it (Bartley 1988). Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of selection effects in the association of unemployment and health behaviours (Jusot et al 2008;Leino-Arjas et al 1999;Ryan et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, this association can be interpreted as both a selection from poor health into unemployment and a causal effect of unemployment as determining poor health (Bartley 1988). In this study, we only deal with the consequences of unemployment on smoking behaviour, not vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No causal effect of unemployment on smoking? A German panel study

Schunck

Rogge

2012

Int J Public Health

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Objectives This study analyses the effects of different unemployment durations on smoking behaviour in Germany by investigating smoking take-up, relapse, quitting and smoking intensity. Methods Longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from the years 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 were used to examine the effect of unemployment (52,940 observations from 17,028 respondents, aged 17-65 years). Unemployment duration was measured at 1-6, 7-12, 13-24, and 24+ months. Effects were estimated using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions and fixed effects logistic panel regressions. Results The zero-inflated negative binomial regression models suggest that the likelihood of smoking increases with unemployment, while smoking intensity is not affected. However, fixed effects logistic regression models demonstrate that unemployment is neither a significant predictor for taking up smoking, relapsing, nor quitting. Conclusions The results indicate that in Germany, there is no direct causal effect of unemployment on smoking behaviour. The observed relationship between smoking and unemployment appears to be driven by stable, unobserved differences between employed and unemployed respondents.

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Unemployment and health: selection or causation ‐ a false antithesis?

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

Material, psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality: evidence from the HUNT study

Material, psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality: evidence from the HUNT study

Unemployment and Health: Selection Effects

No causal effect of unemployment on smoking? A German panel study

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