Undoing suggestive influence on memory: The reversibility of the eyewitness misinformation effect

Oeberst, Aileen; Blank, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.009

Cited by 57 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…One way to bypass this could be to post-warn participants about earlier misinformation, which could reduce a misinformation effect [55]. This is true also after a misinformation effect has been obtained [56]. However, we argue that the fact that almost all participants in the current experiment “discovered”, or corrected, at least one of the three manipulations encouraged scrutiny, and hence discouraged relying too much on the previously given account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Self-delivered misinformation - Merging the choice blindness and misinformation effect paradigms

2017

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Choice blindness is the failure to detect a discrepancy between a choice and its outcome. The misinformation effect occurs when the recollection of an event changes because new, misleading information about the event is received. The purpose of this study was to merge the choice blindness and misinformation effect paradigms, and thus examine whether choice blindness can be created for individuals’ recollections of a witnessed event, and whether this will affect their later recollections of the event. Thus, as a way of delivering misinformation the participants ostensibly became their own source of the misleading information. The participants watched a short film and filled out a questionnaire about events shown in the film. Some of their answers were then manipulated using reattachable stickers, which allowed alteration of their original answers. The participants gave justifications for their manipulated choices, and later their recollection of the original event was tested through another questionnaire. Choice blindness was created for a majority of the participants. A majority of the choice blind participants later changed their reported recollection of the event in line with the manipulations, whereas only a small minority of the participants in the control condition changed their recollection. This study provides new information about the misinformation effect, suggesting that this effect also can occur when misinformation is given immediately following presentation of the original stimuli, and about choice blindness and its effects on the recollections of events. The results suggest that memory blindness can be created when people inadvertently supply themselves with misleading information about an event, causing a change in their recollection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Self-delivered misinformation - Merging the choice blindness and misinformation effect paradigms

2017

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“…Based on such a heuristic, the participants may subsequently ignore the instruction and provide information based on the preferred source, even if it is the post-event source and even if they have access to the original. Moreover, Oeberst and Blank (2012), mention that (…)in most misinformation studies, participants are led to believe that the post-event information is a veridical account of the original event. If participants assume that the post-event information is correct (even though it is slightly different than the original), they may use it when answering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Toward a Non-memory Misinformation Effect: Accessing the Original Source Does Not Prevent Yielding to Misinformation

et al. 2015

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The misinformation effect is regarded by many to be fully memory-related. The paper presents results demonstrating that it may occur without memory distortions or source monitoring errors. Three experiments were conducted, in which the participants were allowed to access the original and post-event source while answering. All experiments used a discrepancy detection test in order to see whether participants aware of discrepancies and having access to the original source, still provide answers consistent with misinformation. In Experiments 2 and 3, the participants' actions in the modified procedure were recorded, ensuring that subjects actively access the original source. A misinformation effect was obtained in all experiments. Moreover, awareness of discrepancies did not fully protect against the misinformation effect. Results demonstrate that existing memory-related explanations of the misinformation effect, including source misattribution, may not be enough to fully understand it.

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“…Research in this area has produced mixed results, from a total elimination of the misinformation effect (Blank, 1998(Blank, , 2005Lindsay & Johnson, 1989), through reduction (Greene, Flynn, & Loftus, 1982), to a complete lack of the efficacy of warning (Neuschatz, Payne, Lampinen, & Toglia, 2001;Zaragoza & Lane, 1994). Excellent reviews of research concerning the impact of warning on the misinformation effect were presented by Oeberst and Blank (2012) and Blank and Launay (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects

Polczyk¹

2017

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Undoing suggestive influence on memory: The reversibility of the eyewitness misinformation effect

Cited by 57 publications

References 103 publications

Self-delivered misinformation - Merging the choice blindness and misinformation effect paradigms

Self-delivered misinformation - Merging the choice blindness and misinformation effect paradigms

Toward a Non-memory Misinformation Effect: Accessing the Original Source Does Not Prevent Yielding to Misinformation

The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects

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