“…Social vulnerability approaches often problematically assign the label of ‘vulnerable’ to communities based on demographics (class, gender, and race, for instance), which then serve as measures of vulnerability, without incorporating community knowledge of how vulnerability looks or feels to those who experience it, or a critical assessment of the oppressive structures and processes that create marginality (Jacobs, 2019). If marginality is not inherent to individuals but produced through societal and political processes that increase disadvantage and exclusion, then the structures and conditions of privilege and the role of those advantaged by power in dominant oppressive structures must also be critiqued (Pease, 2010). For activism, change, and inclusion for minorities in crisis planning and public policies, oppressive structures need to be named as such (Jacobs, 2019), enabling movement past labelling gender and sexuality (and ability, class, race …) as vulnerability indicators, and towards addressing structural factors of cisheteronormativity and heterosexism (and ableism, classism, racism …).…”