Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: A rare hepatic tumor and its related characteristic radiological features

Subgaleal and epidural metastases of the undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver

“…On CT, it is usually seen as a hypodense, well-circumscribed lesion with peripheral septations [ 2 , 5 , 6 ]. Hyperdense foci of acute bleeding and calcifications may be found within the lesion [5] .…”

“…Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to characterize liver lesions, few reports have to date commented on specific MRI findings in UESL [3] . Approximately 200 cases have been reported in the literature regarding imaging features of this tumor [6] .…”

Pediatric Primary Hepatic Tumors: Diagnostic Considerations

“…The majority of patients who present are asymptomatic; however, patients may present acutely due to tumor rupture and tumor wall dehiscence secondary to rapid growth [163][164][165]. Metastatic disease, commonly to the lungs, peritoneum, and pleura, is reported in approximately 5-13% of patients, although it has been rarely reported to be present at the time of diagnosis [160,162,166].…”

“…To date, there are no known associations between any tumor predisposition syndrome and UESL [30]. Some reported cases of UESL have arisen from malignant transformation of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver, proposed to be secondary to cytogenetic aberration in the region of chromosome 19q13 [166,171]. Studies have shown that copy number alterations are common; however, none are noted to be specific to UESL.…”

“…In addition, the presence of serpiginous vessels within the tumor on CT imaging is proposed to be unique to UESL. MRI, which is the preferred imaging modality for preoperative planning due to its ability to detect vascular invasion, biliary obstruction, and hilar adneopathy, will demonstrate a well-demarcated mass with T2 hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity [30,160,[162][163][164]166].…”