Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Localization Protocols, and Internet of Underwater Things

Jouhari, Mohammed; Ibrahimi, Khalil; Tembiné, Hamidou; Ben‐Othman, Jalel

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928876

Cited by 249 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…However, conventional mediums used in terrestrial communications are not able to support underwater communications because they are associated with high attenuation, long propagation delay, and limited transmission capacity. For these reasons, novel research works are required to handle with issues of such type [209][210][211].…”

Section: Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

2020

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are among the most emerging technologies, thanks to their great capabilities and their ever growing range of applications. However, the lifetime of WSNs is extremely restricted due to the delimited energy capacity of their sensor nodes. This is why energy conservation is considered as the most important research concern for WSNs. Radio communication is the utmost energy consuming function in a WSN. Thus, energy efficient routing is necessitated to save energy and thus prolong the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, numerous protocols for energy efficient routing in WSNs have been proposed. This article offers an analytical and up to date survey on the protocols of this kind. The classic and modern protocols presented are categorized, depending on i) how the network is structured, ii) how data are exchanged, iii) whether location information is or not used, and iv) whether Quality of Service (QoS) or multiple paths are or not supported. In each distinct category, protocols are both described and compared in terms of specific performance metrics, while their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the study findings are discussed, concluding remarks are drawn, and open research issues are indicated.

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Section: Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

2020

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“…These scenarios comprise underground (mining, tunnels, e.g.) [28,29] and underwater environments [30], hospitals [31], and industry. Another interesting feature derived from the integration of VLC within the proposed architecture is the inherent positioning capability of this technology, which has been extensively studied in the literature [32].…”

Section: Vlc Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid RF/VLC Network Architecture for the Internet of Things

Delgado-Rajo

Melian-Segura

Guerra

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent years, there has been a remarkable advance in monitoring technologies in many environments, be they urban or rural. These technologies, included in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, allow remote control and acquisition of data from sensors for their subsequence analysis. All these systems are based on the interaction between sensors and actuators. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide a very high level of connectivity between the devices, especially as far as wireless systems are concerned. In this sense, there is a great variety of standards in the market of communication networks oriented to this end. One of the biggest challenges today is to allow inter-operability between these different technologies in order to homogenize this field. In addition to this, it is intended to introduce new communication techniques that can provide certain additional advantages to those already existing. The main idea is the creation of a cellular network where radiofrequency and optical technologies coexist, and whose link with the rest of the world is through long-range and low-consumption wireless technologies. The center of each cell, that is the lighting system, can be powered using solar panels, as can the existing systems in the market. The objective is that these panels are capable of providing the necessary energy to the rest of the necessary systems.

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“…Path loss designates the underwater acoustic communication. Mostly the transmitting distance and frequency of the transmitted signal define the path loss [8]. Absorption loss occurs when acoustic energy is transferred into thermal energy.…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact implies that the channel bandwidth has to be set on the basis of the desired transmitting distance. Absorption loss increases as we increase the operating frequency & the interval between the receiver and the transmitter [8]. So the power constraint automatically sets a limit on the availability of the bandwidth.…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the applications of UWSN require time and location of the sensed data. So localization is very important to perceive the network architecture and also to collect the data accurately [8]. Localization in underwater is challenging because radio frequency is highly attenuated in underwater condition, thus GPS technology is not feasible there.…”

Section: Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancement of Routing Protocols and Applications of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN): A Survey

Haque¹,

Kabir²,

Abdelgawad³

2020

Preprint

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Water covers a greater part of the earth's surface. Even though we know very little about the underwater world as most parts of it remain unexplored. Oceans including other water bodies hold huge natural resources and also the aquatic lives. These are mostly unexplored and very few of those are known due to unsuited and hazardous environments for the human to explore. This vast underwater world can be monitored remotely from a distant location with much ease and less risk. To monitor water-bodies remotely in real-time, sensor networking has been playing a great role. It is needed to deploy a wireless sensor network over the volume which we want to surveil. For vast water bodies like oceans, rivers and large lakes, data is collected from the different heights of the water level which is sent to the surface sink. Unlike terrestrial communication, radio waves and other conventional mediums can't serve the purpose of underwater communication as they pose high attenuation and very reduced transmission range. Rather an acoustic medium can transmit data more efficiently and reliably in comparison to other mediums. To transmit data reliably from the bottom of the sea to the sinks at the surface, multi-hop communication is needed which must involve a certain scheme. For seabed to surface sink communication, leading researchers have proposed different routing protocols. The goal of these routing protocols is to make underwater communication more reliable, energy-efficient and delay efficient thus to improve the performance of the overall communication. This paper surveys the advancement and applications of the routing protocols which eventually helps in finding the most efficient routing protocol for the Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN).

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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Localization Protocols, and Internet of Underwater Things

Cited by 249 publications

References 141 publications

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Hybrid RF/VLC Network Architecture for the Internet of Things

Advancement of Routing Protocols and Applications of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN): A Survey

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