Underwater Wet Repair Welding of API 5L X65M Pipeline Steel

Rogalski, Grzegorz; Łabanowski, Jerzy

doi:10.1515/pomr-2017-0038

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Damaged areas can be located under the water surface, which determines the necessity of repairs in water conditions. There are three methods of underwater welding [20][21][22][23]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Tomków

Janeczek

2020

Applied Sciences

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In this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an effect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken test joint. The specimens were made by the use of covered electrodes in the water environment. For testing weldability, Tekken test specimens were made. Then, the different number of the pad welds with different overlapping were laid on the face of the tested welds. Non-destructive (NDT) visual and penetrant tests were undertaken. During the NDT, imperfections like shape mistakes and spatters were found. Then, metallographic macro- and microscopic testing were performed. The macroscopic observations proved that water environment can generate imperfections like cracking and pores. However, for specimens with additional stitches the number of imperfections decreased. Microscopic tests proved that the proposed technique affected the structure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The specimens without the application of additional stitches are characterized by brittle bainitic and martensitic structure. Specimens, in which the additional stitches were applied, contain tempered martensite, fine ferrite and fine pearlite in their HAZ. It was also observed that the number of cracks decreased for in situ local heat-treatment specimens. The final step was Vickers HV10 hardness measurement. These measurements confirmed previous results. The heat from additional stitches affected the steel by significantly decreasing the hardness by 80–100 HV10. The results of experiments showed that the heat from pad welds provided microstructural changes in heat-affected zones and a decrease in the susceptibility to cold cracking, which results in improvement in the weldability of HSLA steel in wet welding conditions.

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“…Damaged areas can be located under the water surface, which determines the necessity of repairs in water conditions. There are three methods of underwater welding [20][21][22][23]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Tomków

Janeczek

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Among three main methods of underwater welding, dry, local dry cavity and wet welding, the most common is wet welding, where the electric arc and the joint are with direct contact with water [8][9][10]. Wet welding could be carried out by using covered electrodes, flux cored wires and, more rarely, other welding processes [11][12][13][14][15]. The schema of wet welding by covered electrodes is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water as welding environment causes a lot of problems with the quality of obtained joints and their mechanical properties. The most important problem in underwater welding conditions is the tendency to cold cracking [8,13,16,17]. The high cooling rate causes presence of martensitic structures in HAZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temper Bead Welding of S460N Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

Tomków

Fydrych

Łabanowski

2018

Advances in Materials Science

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Wet welding is the most common method of welding in water environment. It is most often used for repairing of underwater parts of offshore structures. However, the water as a welding environment causes an increase of susceptibility of steels to cold cracking. For underwater constructions high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel are widely used. In wet welding condition a HSLA steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. Temper Bead Welding (TBW) was chosen as a method to improve the weldability of S460N steel. The studies showed that TBW technique causes significant decrease of maximum hardness of heat affected zone (HAZ). The largest decrease in hardness occurred in specimens with the pitches in range 66-100%.

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“…The ability to carry out a convenient selection of wall thickness is important for many industries, where high-strength steels are used, e.g. in the power industry [8] or for the construction of gas-transmission pipe lines [9]. For materials used in these areas, often strict requirements are applied to obtain the appropriate maximum hardness in the area of the welded joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For materials used in these areas, often strict requirements are applied to obtain the appropriate maximum hardness in the area of the welded joint. In the case of non-alloy heattreated structural steels, it is crucial that the hardness does not decrease due to the heat input during welding [5,8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Microstructure and Selected Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded S690QL High-Strength Steel

Tuz

2018

Advances in Materials Science

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The paper presents results of microstructure and mechanical properties investigation of laser beam welded high-strength steel. Material for test was non-alloyed steel with yield strength of 690 MPa after quenching and tempering in delivery condition. Research carried out on the butt-welded joints shows fine-grain martensitic-bainitic structure of base metal and in the weld. Investigations of mechanical properties revealed the softened zone in HAZ where the hardness decrease without microstructural changes was observed. Moreover, an influence of softened zone and HAZ width on impact strength was observed where the occurrence of lower hardness led to fracture path deviation phenomenon.

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Underwater Wet Repair Welding of API 5L X65M Pipeline Steel

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Temper Bead Welding of S460N Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

Evaluation of Microstructure and Selected Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded S690QL High-Strength Steel

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