Underwater turbulence, its effects on optical wireless communication and imaging: A review

Baykal, Yahya; Ata, Yalçın; Gökçe, Muhsin Caner

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108624

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…The research results prove that the combination of acoustic and optical instruments is effective in detecting and identifying oil plumes in the water column. However, the deployment and operation of optical sampling instruments are complex and expensive, and are affected by ocean environments such as underwater turbulence, requiring further research for improvement [80]. Sampling is performed using equipment with an optical sampling device, where the tripod is a structure with fixed optical sensors and sonar, and beam scanning of the oil layer to determine its status information.…”

Section: Acousto-optic Technology Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Acoustic Technology-Based Monitoring of Oil Spill: A Review

Pan

Tang

Jiang

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Acoustic monitoring is an efficient technique for oil spill detection, and the development of acoustic technology is conducive to achieving real-time monitoring of underwater oil spills, providing data references and guidance for emergency response work. Starting from the research background of oil spills, this review summarizes and evaluates the existing research on acoustic technology for monitoring underwater oil spills. Underwater oil spills are more complex than surface oil spills, and further research is needed to investigate the feasibility of acoustic technology in underwater oil spill monitoring, verify the accuracy of monitoring data, and assess its value. In the future, the impact mechanism and dynamic research of acoustic technology in oil spill monitoring should be explored, and the advantages and differences between acoustic technology and other detection techniques should be compared. The significance of auxiliary mechanisms combined with acoustic technology in oil spill monitoring should be studied. Moreover, acoustic research methods and experimental techniques should be enriched and improved to fully tap into the future value of acoustic technology.

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Section: Acousto-optic Technology Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Acoustic Technology-Based Monitoring of Oil Spill: A Review

Pan

Tang

Jiang

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…2 Furthermore, they can be used to determine the operational effectiveness of free-space optical communications. 1,3 A method called Optical Heterodyne Detection of Orthogonal Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes (OHDOOM) was developed to measure the strength of optical turbulence through a combination of heterodyne detection and OAM mode spreading. [4][5][6] The optical transmitter created a superposition of two orthogonal OAM modes with separate optical frequencies as the probe beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio frequency intensity modulation vs. heterodyne modulation on laser beams traversing a random optical phase distortion

Ferlic

Mullen

Laux

2023

Ocean Sensing and Monitoring XV

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In the underwater environment, scattering due to optical turbulence can degrade radio frequency (RF) information encoded on a laser beam's intensity profile and can limit the effectiveness of free-space optical communications. However, for sensing applications, changes in the RF subcarrier due to turbulence could be used to characterize the underwater environment. An alternative form of modulation can be created through heterodyne detection by interfering two co-propagating beams with different optical frequencies on an optical detector. This form of modulation was used to sense spatial properties of optical turbulence using beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Upon detection, each modulation method results in an oscillating photocurrent; however, it is not clear if the photocurrent produced by each modulation method responds differently to the effects of turbulence. To address how these modulation schemes may be affected by turbulence, a series of experiments are conducted. The results are analyzed to identify the impact of different charges of OAM relative to a Gaussian beam.

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“…UWOC is already being used across numerous technologies from vehicle communication to pollution sensing, and has applications in military, environmental, and commercial fields. Further, the UWOC market size is predicted to quadruple by 2027 as the many advantages these systems pose are further researched and understood [2]. UWOC provides higher data rates, lower latency, and larger bandwidth than both acoustic and RF systems [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%