“…In-situ spectroscopic techniques provide a tool to follow chemical reactions at the 105 4 molecular scale, assuming suitable integration with high pressure and high temperature reaction cells. In-situ infrared spectroscopy has been applied previously to study the interaction of CO2 with alkaline cations at high pressure in clays (Krukowski et al, 2015;Loring et al, 2014Loring et al, , 2012aSchaef et al, 2015), mineral carbonation reactions with silicate minerals (Loring et al, 2012b(Loring et al, , 2011Miller et al, 2013;Murphy et al, 2011Murphy et al, , 2010Thompson et al, 2013) and carbon storage related fluid mixtures (Danten et al, 2005;Foltran et al, 2015;Oparin et al, 2005Oparin et al, , 2004Wang et al, 2013). An example of the design and construction of an automated high-pressure titration system with in-situ infrared access and subsequent application to CO2 sorption in clay, carbonation of silicate mineral and determination of water solubility all at 50 °C and 90 bar serves as an excellent introduction to this approach (Thompson et al, 2014).…”