Understanding the role of nano-topography on the surface of a bone-implant

Abstract

Bone-implant material development is proceeding at a high pace, and has shifted from straightforward biomaterial testing to more advanced cell-targeted approaches for surface modification and design.It has been long known that cells can recognize and respond to topographical features by changing their morphology and behavior. The progress in surface analytical devices, as well as in techniques for production of topographical features on the nanometer scale allow for the characterization of natural tissues and the reproduction of biomimetic nanofeatures in material surfaces. In this review some of the most common surface-characterization and surface-manufacturing techniques will be addressed and results from in vitro and in vivo studies will be presented. Knowledge on biomaterial nanotopography can be exploited for active stimulation and control of cellular behavior like attachment, migration, spreading, gene expression, proliferation, differentiation and secretion of matrix components.

Electrochemical construction of a bio-inspired micro/nano-textured structure with cell-sized microhole arrays on biomedical titanium to enhance bioactivity

“…The human body is an exceedingly complex, precise and ordered hierarchical organization, in which all components work together in harmony across a wide range of dimensions [18]. From such a biomimetic viewpoint, a bio-inspired structure should be able to incorporate both the ordered microstructure and ordered nanostructure mimicking the architecture of the natural extracellular matrix in bone tissues to induce all of the osteoblasts functionality [19][20][21]. It has been demonstrated that the synergistic effects of micro-and nano-textural surface are also favourable to all life processes in cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation and osseointegration [11,[22][23][24][25].…”

Controlling Protein Adsorption through Nanostructured Polymeric Surfaces

“…Further guidelines for cell behavior initiated by nanopatterned polymer surfaces can be found elsewhere. [54,122] …”

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells feature selective migration behavior on submicro- and nano-dimensional multi-patterned substrates

“…Remarkably, isotropic and anisotropic macro-, micro-and nanometer-sized features seem not only to be effective on the organ level, but also can stimulate various types of cell-behavior. Multiple in vitro studies have shown that attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation can be manipulated by utilizing different topographies on culturing surfaces (reviewed in [5]). The fact that cells have evolved to interact with the likewise hierarchically organized extracellular matrix (ECM) allows speculations about the ability of a modern implant surface to interact with cellular functions in a more natural way, while stimulating desirable behavior.…”