Understanding the Prevalence Rates of Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Young French-Speaking Swiss Athletes

Marsollier, Élise; Hauw, Denis; Roten, Fabienne Crettaz von

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726635

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The prevalence rate of psychological violence, as indicated by this study, was clearly higher than for physical violence, which is similar to the findings of recent prevalence studies [6, 20, 28, 29, 30], even though the direct comparison of prevalence rates between the current and past studies is difficult because they employed different methodologies. Nevertheless, this and previous studies supported the high prevalence of psychological violence [31, 32, 33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Traditionally, studies of violence in sports have focused on sexual abuse [5]. However, increasing numbers of researchers have recently investigated pathological factors resulting from IV from an epidemiological perspective, although there have been critical discussions in assessing IV [6]. For example, a study of 1,055 French-Canadian athletes aged 14–17 indicated that neglect and psychological and sexual IV resulted in low self-esteem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological violence victimization with moral injury in sports exacerbates PTSD symptoms

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Introduction: In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that interpersonal violence (IV) in sports coaching situations has detrimental psychopathological effects. IV victimization not only produces traditional adverse symptoms, but also impairs psychological functioning related to self-evaluation and interpersonal relationships in personality development. We designed this study to explore the psychopathological damage caused by IV experiences in Japanese sports coaching situations from the perspective of PTSD and moral injury (MI). Methods: We conducted a Web-based aggregate survey using convenience sampling. Japanese university undergraduates ( N=196, age range 18-23 years) participated in the study. We used hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analyses to examine quantitative data after controlling for covariates. Results: There was a significant main effect of experiencing psychological violence and MI on several PTSD symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. In addition, a high frequency of experiencing psychological violence enhanced intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms only when causes MI. Conclusion: These results are consistent with previous studies that identified IV-related mental health harms. The result also indicate that the damage caused by IV in sports contexts is complex and aggravated by the deep intrinsic and moral emotional wounds. The primary findings of this study are crucial for protecting athlete’ human rights, further enhancing sports leadership education, and for proactive consideration of preventive intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological violence victimization with moral injury in sports exacerbates PTSD symptoms

et al. 2023

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“… 1 , 6 Among elite athletes competing at the top of their sport, research suggests that as many as 75% will experience IV at some point during their career, 7 particularly those who identify as being female, 7 , 8 having a disability, 9 belonging to historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, 10 , 11 and having a nonheterosexual sexual orientation. 9 Among youth or adolescent 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 and collegiate 16 , 17 , 18 athletes, the prevalence of IV has been reported to be upward of 33%, with a substantial proportion of the literature focusing on experiences of sexual abuse as a form of IV. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Interpersonal Violence in Sport and Perceived Coaching Style Among College Athletes

Zogg,

Runquist,

Amick

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceConcern about interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is increasing, yet its implications remain poorly understood, particularly among currently competing college athletes.ObjectiveTo document the self-reported prevalence of IV in college sports; identify associated risk factors; examine potential consequences associated with athletes’ psychosocial well-being, emotional connection to their sport, and willingness to seek help; and explore the associations between IV reporting and perceived variations in coaching styles.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study analyzes results of the 2021 to 2022 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) myPlaybook survey, which was administered from July to December 2021 to 123 colleges and universities across the US. Participants were NCAA athletes aged 18 to 25 years who were current players on an NCAA-sanctioned team.ExposuresSelf-reported demographic characteristics (eg, athlete gender identity and sexual orientation) and perceived differences in supportive vs abusive coaching styles (eg, athlete autonomy, team culture, and extent of abusive supervision).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was self-reported experiences of IV in sport during the college sports career of currently competing college athletes. Types of IV considered were physical abuse, financial abuse, sexual abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, and neglect or abandonment. Outcomes potentially affected by IV were assessed with 4 questionnaires.ResultsA total of 4119 athletes (mean [SD] age, 19.3 [1.5] years; 2302 males [55.9%]) completed the survey (response rate, 21.2%). One in 10 athletes (404 of 4119 [9.8%]) reported experiencing at least 1 type of IV during their college sports career, of whom two-thirds (267 [6.5%]) experienced IV within the past 6 weeks. On multivariable analysis, female gender identity (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.46-3.13), nonheterosexual sexual orientation (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.01-2.42), increasing age beyond 18 years (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.30), increasing year of NCAA eligibility beyond the first year (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39), and participation in select sports (eg, volleyball: OR, 2.77 [95% CI, 1.34-5.72]; ice hockey: OR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.17-6.95]) were independently associated with IV. When exposed to IV, college athletes reported experiencing consistently worse psychosocial outcomes, including increased burnout (mean difference on a 5-point Likert scale, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86; P &lt; .001) and an expressed desire to consider quitting their sport (mean difference, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92; P &lt; .001). They were not, however, less willing to seek help. Differences in coaching style were associated with differences in IV reporting. In risk-adjusted linear regression models, having a more supportive coach was associated with a 7.4 (95% CI, 6.4-8.4) absolute percentage point decrease in athletes’ probability of reporting experiencing IV. In contrast, having a more abusive coach was associated with up to a 15.4 (95% CI, 13.8-17.1) absolute percentage point increase in athletes’ probability of reporting experiencing IV.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this survey study suggest that IV is associated with marked changes in the psychosocial health and emotional well-being of college athletes, particularly those who identify as female and with nonheterosexual sexual orientations. Variations in coaching style have the potential to alter these associations. Ongoing efforts are needed to leverage the unique position that coaches hold to help reduce IV and create safe places where all college athletes can thrive.

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“…While IV in this context can be perpetrated by people known (e.g., peer athletes, coaches, parents, entourage members) and unknown to the athletes (e.g., spectators), special attention to IV by authority figures in sport is warranted, especially because of their position of power and trust relative to athletes. Previous studies on interpersonal violence (IV) toward athletes participating in organized sport clearly show high prevalence estimates for all forms of IV from authority figures in sport (1)(2)(3)(4)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale

Parent,

Radziszewski,

Gillard

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionA growing body of research is looking into risk factors for interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. This research suggests the existence of several important risk factors, especially organizational and social factors. One of these factors is the beliefs regarding instrumental effects of violence. Coaches may want to drive performance, deter failure, test resilience and commitment, develop toughness, assure interpersonal control, and promote internal competition. In sum, available evidence suggests the risk of IV increases when coaches believe in the effectiveness of strategies involving IV to enhance athlete performance or perceive external approval for these practices.MethodsThe studies presented in this article seeks to develop and validate the Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence in Sport (PIEVS) Scale in order to measure those beliefs in coaches. In study 1, item generation, expert consultation, cognitive interviews, pilot test and item reduction phases led to 25 items for the PIEVS around six dimensions. In study 2, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with 690 coaches in order to determine the PIEVS factorial structure and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was tested (long and short form).ResultsOur results suggested a one-factor solution for the PIEVS (25 items). This one-factor model provided an excellent fit to the data and a very good internal consistency. The PIEVS and empowering motivational climate were negatively correlated, which supported divergent validity as expected. The PIEVS was positively correlated with the disempowering motivational climate and with sport ethic norms, which supported convergent validity as expected.DiscussionThese findings provide preliminary evidence for the appropriateness of the PIEVS Scale to measure perceived instrumental effects of violence in coaches.

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Understanding the Prevalence Rates of Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Young French-Speaking Swiss Athletes

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Psychological violence victimization with moral injury in sports exacerbates PTSD symptoms

Psychological violence victimization with moral injury in sports exacerbates PTSD symptoms

Experiences of Interpersonal Violence in Sport and Perceived Coaching Style Among College Athletes

Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale

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