Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale
Sylvie Parent,
Stephanie Radziszewski,
Allyson Gillard
et al.
Abstract:IntroductionA growing body of research is looking into risk factors for interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. This research suggests the existence of several important risk factors, especially organizational and social factors. One of these factors is the beliefs regarding instrumental effects of violence. Coaches may want to drive performance, deter failure, test resilience and commitment, develop toughness, assure interpersonal control, and promote internal competition. In sum, available evidence suggests th… Show more
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