Understanding the operational parameters affecting NDMA formation at Advanced Water Treatment Plants

Farré, María José; Döderer, Katrin; Hearn, Laurence; Poussade, Yvan; Keller, Jürg; Gernjak, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.090

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As part of the MF/RO process, it is standard practice to chloraminate WW before MF to minimise RO membrane fouling (Bartels et al 2005). Chlorine dosed before MF reacts with ammonia present in, or added to, the WW to form monochloramine, and this process is recognised to cause additional formation of some DBPs (Van Buynder et al 2009;Farre et al 2011). The phenol 2,4-dichlorophenol and the VOC chloromethane, also classed as a DBP (Krasner et al 2006), also showed similar increases in concentration during MF/RO (Van Buynder et al 2009), and chloramination may also play role in the frequent detection of these compounds in RO permeate.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Chemicals In Ro Permeatementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Linge

Blair

Busetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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The quality and safety of reverse osmosis (RO)-treated secondary wastewater, for indirect potable re-use, was assessed using a dataset of 375 chemicals measured in RO-treated wastewater. A screening health risk assessment indicated that four N-nitrosamines were of potential concern, although median concentrations of these chemicals were always below health values. The most frequently detected chemicals in RO-treated water were disinfection by-products, volatile organic compounds, metals and complexing agents, in contrast to many monitoring programs that focus on pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones. Frequent detections in RO-treated wastewater were most related to high concentrations in secondary wastewater, relative to limit of reporting, and the potential for chemicals to form or be added during the treatment process, rather than poor rejection by RO membranes. Between 3.7 and 10.7 μg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in RO permeate could be attributed from chemicals detected on at least one occasion, with the majority of this total attributed to chemicals detected in less than 25% of samples. While chemicals below detection may contribute a significant component of DOC, it is likely that natural organic matter and soluble microbial products still contribute the majority of DOC to RO permeate. 2A high degree of safety is demonstrated for the use of RO-treated wastewater as an indirect source of potable water.

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Section: Occurrence Of Chemicals In Ro Permeatementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Linge

Blair

Busetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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“…Although most of these contaminants remain unregulated, there is a growing consensus globally among the scientific community and water authorities that their optimised removal during wastewater treatment is a justifiable and prudent approach to environmental protection. Recent trends towards indirect potable water reuse in many metropolitan and arid areas around the world provide further impetus for the effective treatment of trace chemical contaminants (Farré et al, 2011). It is well established that conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are not adequate for the effective removal of many trace organic contaminants (Ternes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system: Flux stability and removal of trace organics

Alturki

McDonald

Khan

et al. 2012

Bioresource Technology

169

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tResults reported here highlight the potential and several challenges in the development of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) process for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Following the initial gradual decline, a stable permeate flux value was obtained after approximately four days of continuous operation. There was evidence of continuous deterioration of biological activity of the OMBR system, possibly due to the build-up of salinity in the reactor. The removal of 25 out of 27 trace organic compounds with molecular weight higher than 266 g/mol was above 80% and was possibly governed by the interplay between physical separation of the FO membrane and biodegradation. In contrast, the removal efficiency values of the other 23 trace organic compounds with molecular weight less than 266 g/mol were very scattered. The removal efficiency of these low molecular weight compounds by OMBR treatment appears to depend mostly on biological degradation. Crown

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“…addition of ascorbic acid) eliminates the impact of hypochlorite and enables NDMA to be measured at the ng/L level in hypochlorite-containing samples. It should be noted that quenching residual chlorine is typically performed for NDMA analysis as a standard protocol (Plumlee et al, 2008;Farré et al, 2011). …”

Section: Effects Of Chemicals On Hplc-pr-cl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NDMA has a small molecular size (molecular weight of 74 g/mol) and is uncharged in aqueous solution (Fujioka et al, 2012). Detection of NDMA in RO permeate at concentrations higher than the California regulatory notification level (NL) of 10 ng/L (CDPH, 2015) has been frequently reported in the literature (Plumlee et al, 2008;Poussade et al, 2009;Farré et al, 2011;Fujioka et al, 2013b). Thus, an ultraviolet (UV) photolytic process or UV-advanced oxidation process (Stefan and Bolton, 2002;Sharpless and Linden, 2003;Lee et al, 2005) are routinely used to further reduce NDMA concentration to below the regulated value for potable reuse (Plumlee et al, 2008;Poussade et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid and reliable technique for N -nitrosodimethylamine analysis in reclaimed water by HPLC-photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence

et al. 2016

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Kodamatani, H. (2016). A rapid and reliable technique for Nnitrosodimethylamine analysis in reclaimed water by HPLC-photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence. Chemosphere, 161 104-111. A rapid and reliable technique for N-nitrosodimethylamine analysis in reclaimed water by HPLC-photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence AbstractA fast and reliable analytical technique was evaluated and validated for determination of Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and rejection by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in potable water reuse applications. The analytical instrument used in this study is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), photochemical reaction (PR) and chemiluminescence (CL) e namely HPLC-PR-CL. Results reported here show that HPLC-PR-CL can be used to measure NDMA with a similar level of accuracy compared to conventional and more time-consuming techniques using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection in combination with solid phase extraction. Among key residual chemicals (i.e. monochloramine, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite) in reclaimed wastewater, hypochlorite was the only constituent that interfered with the determination of NDMA by HPLC-PR-CL. However, hypochlorite interference was eliminated by adding ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Direct injection of ultrafiltration (UF)-treated wastewater samples into HPLC-PR-CL also resulted in an underestimation of the NDMA concentration possibly due to interference by organic substances in the UF-treated wastewater. Accurate determination of NDMA concentrations in UF-treated wastewater was achieved by reducing the sample injection volume from 200 to 20 mL, though this increased the method detection limit from 0.2 to 2 ng/L. In contrast, no interference was observed with RO permeate. These results suggest that RO membranes could remove part of substances that interfere with the NDMA analysis by

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Understanding the operational parameters affecting NDMA formation at Advanced Water Treatment Plants

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Chemicals in reverse osmosis-treated wastewater: occurrence, health risk, and contribution to residual dissolved organic carbon

Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system: Flux stability and removal of trace organics

A rapid and reliable technique for N -nitrosodimethylamine analysis in reclaimed water by HPLC-photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence

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