Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts

Fragkioudakis, Ioannis; Riggio, Marcello P.; Apatzidou, Danae Anastasia

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001247

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Other virulence factors of F. nucleatum were certainly also present in the lysate and thus responsible for the observed stimulatory effects on IL-6 and CXCL2. Periodontitis is a multi-etiological and polymicrobial disease [34,35]. A limitation of our study is that only the effect of F. nucleatum on periodontal cells was investigated in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limitation of our study is that only the effect of F. nucleatum on periodontal cells was investigated in vitro. Although F. nucleatum is an important bacterium in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role in the development and progression of this disease [34,35]. Future studies should therefore also investigate the interactions of P. gingivalis and other periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their virulence factors, e.g., lipopolysaccharides, with biomechanical forces on IL-6 and CXCL2 in periodontal cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

et al. 2021

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Objectives The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). Materials and methods The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. Clinical relevance Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

et al. 2021

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“…Although the majority of GCF-associated SW-positive samples were found among patients with multi-site SW-positive results, at least one single-site positive sample was found to harbor SW only in the GCF—which may suggest that more detailed and specific studies are needed to better understand the potential microbial interactions in the subgingival biofilm and the gingival crevice [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Indeed, there may be undiscovered mechanisms of polymicrobial synergy or other interactions involving SW that more detailed studies in the future may be able to elucidate, thus furthering our knowledge of oral health and disease [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae

McDaniel

Howard

et al. 2021

Dentistry Journal

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Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.

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“…According to epidemiologic data, the prevalence of periodontitis is very high, about 10% of the global population is affected by a severe form of the disease [ 1 ]. Periodontitis is associated with an impairment of the host response, an imbalance of oral microbiota leading to an overgrowth of putative pathogens (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia , and Filifactor alocis ), disruption of tissue homeostasis, and periodontal destruction [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Moreover, the prevalence of peri-implantitis is high, a recent systematic review reported a weighted mean prevalence of 22% across Europe and North and South America [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases

et al. 2022

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Due to its antimicrobial and healing-promoting effects, the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) appears to be a promising modality in various fields of general medicine and dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of a handheld device utilizing ambient air for plasma generation. Suspensions of 11 oral bacteria (among them Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus gordonii, and Tannerella forsythia) were exposed to CAP for 10, 30, 60, and 120 s. Before and after treatment, colony forming unit (CFU) counts were determined. Then, 12-species biofilms were cultured on dentin and titanium specimens, and CAP was applied for 30, 60, and 120 s before quantifying CFU counts, biofilm mass, and metabolic activity. A reduction of ≥3 log10 CFU, was found for ten out of the eleven tested species at 30 s (except for T. forsythia) and for all species at 60 s. For biofilm grown on dentin and titanium specimens, the log10 reductions were 2.43 log10 CFU/specimen and by about 4 log10 CFU/specimen after 120 s of CAP. The CAP application did not reduce the biomass significantly, the metabolic activity of the biofilms on dentin and titanium decreased by 98% and 95% after 120 s of CAP. An application of 120 s of CAP had no cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and significantly increased the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts to the titanium surface. These results are promising and underline the potential of CAP for implementation in periodontal and peri-implantitis therapy.

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Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts

Cited by 32 publications

References 102 publications

Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae

The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases

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