Understanding the Mechanisms of Senile Osteoporosis: New Facts for a Major Geriatric Syndrome

Duque, Gustavo; Troen, Bruce R.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01764.x

Cited by 133 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Pycnodysostosis is characterized by the same phenotype in rats and humans, in which cathepsin K removal in rats and a lack of cathepsin K in humans cause pycnodysostosis; in both cases, bone resorption is seriously damaged and can lead to osteopetrosis (Duque and Troen, 2008). Therefore, cathepsin K is a potential target in the treatment of pycnodysostosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drynaria total flavonoids decrease cathepsin K expression in ovariectomized rats

Shi¹,

Li²,

Wan³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. This study investigated the effects of Drynaria total flavonoids on cathepsin K serum concentrations and gene expression, biomechanics and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial shaft in ovariectomized rat models of osteoporosis, and mechanism in the prevention and cure of osteoporosis. Seventy-two female SpragueDawley rats were divided into six groups. The rats in each group were subjected to gastric lavage after the model was established. The tibial shaft of the right hindlimb was obtained to measure the BMD. Serum cathepsin K concentrations were determined. The cathepsin K mRNA expression was also determined using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The three-point bending method was performed to measure the maximum bending load of the tibial shaft. The total flavonoid and normal groups had significant differences in serum cathepsin K concentrations compared with that in the estrogen group (P < 0.05). The total flavonoid and sham-operated groups also showed significant differences in cathepsin K mRNA expression compared with that in the normal group (P < 0.01). The maximum bending load of the rats in the total flavonoid group was significantly different from that in the estrogen group (P < 0.05) and the shamoperated and normal groups (P < 0.01). The high-dose total flavonoid group elicited a better effect on BMD than that by the medium-and low-dose groups (P < 0.05). Thus, Drynaria total flavonoids inhibited the serum cathepsin K concentration and increased the maximum bending load of the tibial shaft in ovariectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drynaria total flavonoids decrease cathepsin K expression in ovariectomized rats

Shi¹,

Li²,

Wan³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Osteoporoz (OP); düşük kemik kütlesi ve kemik dokusunun mikromimarisinin bozulması sonucu kemik kırılganlığında ve kırık riskinde artış ile karakterize en sık görülen metabolik kemik hastalığıdır (1). Yaşlanma ise OP oluşumu için önemli bir risk faktörüdür.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The Awareness of Elderly about Osteoporosis: What about Our Elderly?

Özişler¹,

Delialioğlu²,

Özel³

et al. 2015

Tod

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Objective: Osteoporosis (OP) and bone fractures that can result in pain, functional impairment and death are important public health problems for the elderly. The aim of our study was to asses the awareness and the information level about OP in the elderly. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 participants (203 were women, 47 were men) who were 65 years and older who presented to our outpatient clinic were included the study. Demographic data were recorded. A 26 item questionnaire was used in the assessment of information on the OP risk factors in 220 (88%) cases who reported that they are aware about OP. Questionnaires were filled with face-toface interview. Results: There was no significant difference between gender and age groups (<75 and ≥75 years) in terms of OP awareness. OP awareness of literate cases was significantly higher than that in illiterate cases (p=0.023). OP awareness of cases with living in urban areas was significantly higher than that in cases living in rural areas (p=0.003). The main sources of information about OP were physicians (48.6%) and television (39.5%). It was determined that most commonly known risk factors of OP were inadequate calcium intake, female gender, aging, menopause and lack of exercise while they did not have enough knowledge about other risk factors. Conclusion: OP awareness increases with high education level and urban life in elderly. In our country, visual media and doctors are the most important source of information due to the low level of education of elderly. This situation should be considered when creating an educational program about OP for the elderly.

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“…21,22 Owing to both intrinsic changes and an inappropriate bone marrow milieu, MSC decrease their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and therefore predominantly differentiate into adipocytes. 9,10 The mechanism of this differentiation shift of MSC in aging bone remains poorly understood with some groups proposing that the age-related changes in MSC differentiation could be associated with oxidative stress, 11 progressive DNA damage 23 or defective telomerase activity. 24 Owing to the essential role of lamin A / C as a ' guardian of the soma ' and the evidence that most of the organs affected by lamin A / C deficiency are from mesenchymal origin, it has been proposed that the lamin A / C abnormalities could predispose to some of the age-related changes observed in MSC.…”

Section: A-type Lamins In Mscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 -10 In addition to these changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiation, old bones show other features such as high number of apoptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts, decreasing levels of growth factors and increasing levels of adipokines. 10 In addition, the mechanosensing function of the osteocytes is also affected by aging, thus decreasing their capacity to regulate bone formation. 11 Overall, these age-related changes in bone are the consequence of defective somatic maintenance and repair and decreasing response to stress, which are the main components of the ' disposable soma ' theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the nuclear envelope in the pathogenesis of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis

Vidal¹,

Bermeo²,

Fatkin³

et al. 2012

BoneKEy Reports

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-6396/12 www.nature.com/bonekey IntroductionEukaryotic cells are characterized by a compartmentation structure that divides the intracellular space in two different regions, the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 1 This compartmentation is maintained by the nuclear envelope, which is a perinuclear cisterna of the endomembrane system and is constituted by the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) enclosing a lumen ( ' perinuclear space ' ) ( Figure 1 ). The integrity of this structure is interrupted by the nuclear pore complexes (NPC), which span both the inner and the outer membranes and are the portal between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 1 -3 Owing to the continuity between the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum, the main functions of the ONM are very similar to those of the endoplasmic reticulum. 4 In contrast, the INM is in close interaction with the nuclear lamina, multiple nuclear proteins and chromosomes, 2 having an essential role in cell differentiation, organization of chromatin and communication with the extranuclear cytoskeleton. 2,5 Recent evidence has emerged demonstrating that the nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filament proteins, 6 is not only closely associated with the INM ( Figure 1 ) but is also an important determinant of its function and interactions.The intermediate filament proteins that compose the nuclear lamina are known as lamins, 5,6 the lamin gene family in mammals includes three different genes that encode seven different proteins (lamin A, A 10, C, C2, B1, B2 and B3). Most adult mammalian somatic cells contain the three major lamins A, B1 and C. These various forms are grouped into two classes, A-type (A, A 10 and C) and B-type (B1 and B2). Although B-type lamins are found in all nucleated somatic cells, the expression of A-type lamins is developmentally regulated.A-type lamins have been recently linked to a number of human progeroid syndromes and adult-onset degenerative diseases; 6 -8 therefore, in this review we will focus on the role of A-type lamins in bone cells particularly in the age-related changes that predispose to osteoporosis and fractures. By reviewing this evidence, we will propose that modulating the expression of A-type lamins in the musculoskeletal system could become a new therapeutic intervention to prevent age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Age-related Bone Loss and OsteoporosisWith increasing age, there is a significant reduction in bone formation. This is mostly due to a shift from osteoblastogenesis to REVIEWRole of the nuclear envelope in the pathogenesis of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis The nuclear envelope is the most important border in the eukaryotic cell. The role of the nuclear envelope in cell differentiation and function is determined by a constant interaction between the elements of the nuclear envelope and the transcriptional regulators involved in signal transcription pathways. Among those components of the nuclear envelope, there is a growing evidence that changes in the expression of A...

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Understanding the Mechanisms of Senile Osteoporosis: New Facts for a Major Geriatric Syndrome

Cited by 133 publications

References 83 publications

Drynaria total flavonoids decrease cathepsin K expression in ovariectomized rats

Drynaria total flavonoids decrease cathepsin K expression in ovariectomized rats

The Awareness of Elderly about Osteoporosis: What about Our Elderly?

Role of the nuclear envelope in the pathogenesis of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis

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