Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Triazine-Phosphonate Derivatives as Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabric

Abstract

Countless hours of research and studies on triazine, phosphonate, and their combination have provided insightful information into their flame retardant properties on polymeric systems. However, a limited number of studies shed light on the mechanism of flame retardancy of their combination on cotton fabrics. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the thermal degradation process of two triazine-phosphonate derivatives on cotton fabric. The investigation included the preparation of diethyl 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylphosphonate (TPN1) and dimethyl (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yloxy) methyl phosphonate (TPN3), their application on fabric materials, and the studies of their thermal degradation mechanism. The studies examined chemical components in both solid and gas phases by using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) spectroscopy, and 31 P solid state nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P solid state NMR), in addition to the computational studies of bond dissociation energy (BDE). Despite a few differences in their decomposition, TPN1 and TPN3 produce one common major product that is believed to help reduce the flammability of the fabric.

A highly efficient chemical approach to producing green phosphorylated cellulosic macromolecules

“…22,24,31,36,37 The latter approaches are usually applied as chemical reactions using organic solvent or urea. 38,39 In other methods, it is necessary to use non-toxic compounds to ensure that the bers chains have the desired properties. 11 Therefore, a promising green ecological approach is the modication by the phosphoric acid-urea reaction system using water as the solvent.…”

Recent developments in s-triazine holding phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant materials

“…5 Commercially more than 70% of cyanuric chloride is used in the production of insecticides and herbicides. 6 In addition, substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives find application as additives in flame-retardant (FR) materials, 7,8 and their FR performance has been investigated extensively on textiles cotton, [9][10][11] epoxy resins (EPs), [12][13][14] polypropylene (PP), [15][16][17] and many more.…”

Development of value‐added polyethylene grades with extended service lifetime: Weathering resistant flame retarded materials for outdoor applications

“…IFRs typically consist of three main ingredients, that is, an acid source, for example, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a carbon source or char forming agent, CFA, pentaerythritol (PER) and a gas source, for example, melamine 9–12 . Especially for polyolefins, many attempts have been reported in order to use double functionality components, for example, triazine derivatives, which can act simultaneously as carbon and blowing agent, 612–16 along with APP or even triple functionality additives, for example, piperazine modified APP, 17 so as to further reduce the total additive loading. Nevertheless, APP‐based FRs are also found sensitive to weathering conditions.…”