Understanding the impact of the Hajj: Explaining experiences of self‐change at a religious mass gathering

Alnabulsi, Hani; Drury, John; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Oogink, Sander

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2623

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Khan et al's (2016) longitudinal study of the Magh Mela found that pilgrims' shared social identity with the crowd predicted increased social identification as a Hindu. Alnabulsi, Drury, Vignoles, and Oogink (2019) found evidence of more positive attitudes among Hajj pilgrims towards non-Muslims as well as other Muslim groups. Less expectedly perhaps, attendance at the Mela has been found to increase both physical and mental well-being (Tewari, Khan, Hopkins, Srinivasan & Reicher, 2012).…”

Section: Change Beyond Eventsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…That is, insofar as social identity is understood as a representation of how the world is, or should be, then experiencing the reality of such a world makes the identity more viable and meaningful to people. For changed attitudes to other groups, contact and shared identity with the crowd were the crucial factors (Alnabulsi et al, 2019). In the case of well-being, the critical precursor was 'relationality'the shift towards intimate and supportive social relations amongst crowd members, though this too was contingent on social identification and shared social identity.…”

Section: Change Beyond Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crowds and Collective Behavior

Drury¹,

Reicher²

2020

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology

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The challenge for a psychology of crowds and collective behavior is to explain how large numbers of people are, spontaneously, able to act together in patterned and socially meaningful ways and, at the same time, how crowd events can bring about social and psychological change. Classical theories, which treat crowd psychology as pathological, deny any meaning to crowd action. More recent normative and rationalist models begin to explain the coherence of crowd action but are unable to explain how that links to broader social systems of meaning. In both cases, the explanatory impasse derives from an individualistic conception of selfhood that denies any social basis to behavioral control. Such a basis is provided by the social identity approach. This proposes that crowd formation is underpinned by the development of shared social identity whereby people see themselves and others in terms of membership of a common category. This leads to three psychological transformations: members perceive the world in terms of collective values and belief systems; they coordinate themselves effectively; and hence they are empowered to realize their collective goals. These transformations explain the social form of crowd action. At the same time, crowd events are intergroup phenomena. It is through the intergroup dynamics between the crowd and an out-group (typically the police)—more specifically the way the social position of crowd members can change through the way police officers understand and respond to their actions—that change can occur. The social identity framework helps make sense of a range of phenomena beyond conflict crowds, including behavior in emergencies and disasters and the psychology of mass gatherings. The practical adequacy of the social identity approach is demonstrated by its use in a number of applied fields, including “public order” policing, crowd and emergency management, mass gatherings, health, and pedestrian modeling.

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Section: Change Beyond Eventsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Change Beyond Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowds and Collective Behavior

Drury¹,

Reicher²

2020

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology

Self Cite

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“…As well as reflecting identity and promoting identity-based emotion and health, attendance at a mass gathering can change identity and relations with people in other groups. This observation was first made of the Hajj a number of years ago (for example in Malcolm X's autobiography) but the underlying process was recently shown to comprise both contact with different groups and identification with the crowd [47].…”

Section: Mass Gatherings Psychologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Recent developments in the psychology of crowds and collective behaviour

Drury

2020

Current Opinion in Psychology

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“…For example, the study in [22] performed a survey on 154 pilgrims and examined the paradigm of human psychology during Umrah in Mecca. Another study surveyed 1,176 pilgrims focusing on psychological domain [23]. They observed that traits of disregard for their own safety, cultural differences in individual reception and response, etc., might contribute to casualty cases.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Survey Interaction (HSI): A Study on Integrity of Human Data Collectors in a Mass-Scale Hajj Pilgrimage Survey

et al. 2021

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Mass gatherings (such as Hajj/Umrah), owing to their immensity, often present a variety of difficulties to the attendees. To have a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties as well as their potential remedies, surveying a good number of attendees is unavoidable and this can be facilitated through engaging data collectors. A crucial part here is identifying the integrity of the data collectors, which is yet to be explored in the literature to the best of our knowledge. To address this gap, in this study, we first perform a mass-scale data collection over Hajj/Umrah pilgrims through online (n=236) and in-person (n=752) surveys, where we cover a substantial part (n=712) through paid data collectors (n=53). We critically investigate data collection activities of the data collectors through focused group discussions involving expert reviewers. We explore two computing techniques to unveil the integrity of the data collectors from two different perspectives. Our study finds out influential (religious and socio-geographical) aspects that impact the data collection process. Besides, we find that the collaborative participation of expert reviewers is obligatory to scrutinize the data collectors' integrity. Additionally, our explored computing techniques, namely conflict analysis and learning-based analysis, can identify up to 74% and 99% of the unreliable data collectors respectively. We observe that, although these computing-based filtering can indicate the integrity up to a certain level, human-in-the-loop is unavoidable for concluding on the integrity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind (i.e., integrity analysis of the data collectors) in the literature.

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Understanding the impact of the Hajj: Explaining experiences of self‐change at a religious mass gathering

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Crowds and Collective Behavior

Crowds and Collective Behavior

Recent developments in the psychology of crowds and collective behaviour

Human-Survey Interaction (HSI): A Study on Integrity of Human Data Collectors in a Mass-Scale Hajj Pilgrimage Survey

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