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“…In studies with undocumented or mixed-status families and asylum-seekers, the uncertainty of their future in the receiving-country impacted many facets of their lives and was key to their hardships [ 21 , 25 , 49 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 60 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 81 , 85 , 87 – 95 , 100 , 103 , 134 , 141 , 143 , 148 , 152 , 157 , 164 , 165 ]. Those without status lived in fear of deportation and separation from children and family [ 21 , 60 , 72 , 87 – 89 , 91 – 94 , 99 , 141 , 147 , 152 , 157 ]; parents were in the difficult position of having to discuss their precarious status with their children and to prepare for the outcome if they were ever deported [ 85 , 90 , 164 ]. Not having status restricted their movement and interactions [ 21 , 49 , 50 , 54 , 72 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 105 , 133 , 134 , 141 , 147 , 165 ] and adversely impacted their safety (since migrants would not seek help, including for family violence) and had profound effects on their mental well-being [ 72 , …”
ObjectiveTo synthesize the recent qualitative literature and identify the integrative themes describing the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants.MethodsWe searched seven online databases for the period January 2006 to February 2017. We included English and French published peer-reviewed articles and graduate-level dissertations, which qualitatively examined the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants. We summarized study characteristics and performed a thematic analysis across the studies.ResultsOne hundred thirty eight studies met inclusion criteria. All but three were conducted in high-income countries, mainly in the US. Migrants studied were mostly undocumented from Latin America and refugees from Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost all studies (93%) included mothers; about half (47%) included fathers; very few (5%) included extended family members. We identified three integrative themes: 1) experiencing hardship and/or loss in the context of precarious migration and past traumas; 2) building resilience and strength by bridging language, norms and expectations; and 3) living transnationally: obligations, challenges and resources. Each theme contributed to shaping the parenthood experience; the transnationalism theme intersected with the themes on hardship and loss and resilience and strength.ConclusionMore research is needed with fathers, extended family members, asylum-seekers and in the LMIC context. A transnational lens needs to be applied to programs, policies and future research for refugee, asylum-seeker and undocumented migrant parents. Addressing transnational concerns (family separation and reunification), acknowledging transnational resources, fostering a transnational family identity and conducting transnational and longitudinal studies are potentially pivotal approaches for this sub-population of parents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12992-017-0299-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…In studies with undocumented or mixed-status families and asylum-seekers, the uncertainty of their future in the receiving-country impacted many facets of their lives and was key to their hardships [ 21 , 25 , 49 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 60 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 81 , 85 , 87 – 95 , 100 , 103 , 134 , 141 , 143 , 148 , 152 , 157 , 164 , 165 ]. Those without status lived in fear of deportation and separation from children and family [ 21 , 60 , 72 , 87 – 89 , 91 – 94 , 99 , 141 , 147 , 152 , 157 ]; parents were in the difficult position of having to discuss their precarious status with their children and to prepare for the outcome if they were ever deported [ 85 , 90 , 164 ]. Not having status restricted their movement and interactions [ 21 , 49 , 50 , 54 , 72 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 105 , 133 , 134 , 141 , 147 , 165 ] and adversely impacted their safety (since migrants would not seek help, including for family violence) and had profound effects on their mental well-being [ 72 , …”
ObjectiveTo synthesize the recent qualitative literature and identify the integrative themes describing the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants.MethodsWe searched seven online databases for the period January 2006 to February 2017. We included English and French published peer-reviewed articles and graduate-level dissertations, which qualitatively examined the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants. We summarized study characteristics and performed a thematic analysis across the studies.ResultsOne hundred thirty eight studies met inclusion criteria. All but three were conducted in high-income countries, mainly in the US. Migrants studied were mostly undocumented from Latin America and refugees from Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost all studies (93%) included mothers; about half (47%) included fathers; very few (5%) included extended family members. We identified three integrative themes: 1) experiencing hardship and/or loss in the context of precarious migration and past traumas; 2) building resilience and strength by bridging language, norms and expectations; and 3) living transnationally: obligations, challenges and resources. Each theme contributed to shaping the parenthood experience; the transnationalism theme intersected with the themes on hardship and loss and resilience and strength.ConclusionMore research is needed with fathers, extended family members, asylum-seekers and in the LMIC context. A transnational lens needs to be applied to programs, policies and future research for refugee, asylum-seeker and undocumented migrant parents. Addressing transnational concerns (family separation and reunification), acknowledging transnational resources, fostering a transnational family identity and conducting transnational and longitudinal studies are potentially pivotal approaches for this sub-population of parents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12992-017-0299-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…According to Jimenez‐Castallanos and Gonzalez (), Microaggressions, a term originally coined by Pierce (1970), are born out of a deficit‐based perspective. They tend to be brief…exchanges that send denigrating messages to subordinated target groups like low‐income [people,] people of color, women, gays, and undocumented persons.…”
In this chapter, we discuss microaggressions, or the everyday (and often unintended) incidents of discrimination that individuals from marginalized or underserved groups experience on college campuses as they relate to students’ social class identities—or simply, class‐based prejudices.
“…Latino fathers who craft a “hybrid” (or bicultural) style of parenting are more likely to be involved and nurturing fathers and have higher quality father–child and father–mother relationships (Cabrera & Bradley, ; see also Cruz et al., ; D'Angelo, Palacios, & Chase‐Lansdale, ). Additionally, undocumented Latino fathers encounter barriers that prevent their involvement in children's lives, including being hesitant to attend school functions because they feel unwelcome, are unfamiliar with the language, and fear deportation (Cabrera, Aldoney, & Tamis‐LeMonda, ; Jimenez‐Castellanos & Gonzalez, ).…”
Section: Parenting and Men's Development And Identity In Young Adulthoodmentioning
This chapter explores how fatherhood prompts struggle and growth in the psychological, social, and economic changes associated with the transition to adulthood. Little is known about these connections, especially for disadvantaged Latino and White fathers who live in small and mid-sized American communities. We draw on eight in-depth focus groups with 48 fathers (27 Latino and 21 White) who have children in low-income schools in a small and mid-sized American community. These men face significant challenges in establishing themselves at work-a central task of both adulthood and fatherhood-and in balancing these demands alongside the strong expectation that they also be involved fathers. Involved fathering is key to understanding dynamics related to identity and meaning and to relationships with spouses and friends, which are also intertwined with the process of becoming adult. The discussion considers how fatherhood can promote and constrain adult development for disadvantaged men.
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