Understanding the effect of coating-drying operating variables on electrode physical and electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries

Román‐Ramírez, Luis A.; Apachitei, Geanina; Niri, Mona Faraji; Lain, Michael; Widanage, Widanalage Dhammika; Marco, James

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230689

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The set of experiments were determined based on a Placket-Burman (PB) design [2] . The factors (operating variables) and levels (settings) for the PB design, as well as the resulting design matrix (set of experiments) can be found in Table 1 of the related research article [1] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental data of cathodes manufactured in a convective dryer at the pilot-plant scale, and charge and discharge capacities of half-coin lithium-ion cells

et al. 2022

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Megtec Systems pilot-plant scale continuous convective coater. The data was generated as part of an experimental design involving the following coating-drying process variables and ranges: comma bar gap, 80–140 µm; web speed, 0.5–1.5 m/min; coating ratio, 110–150%; drying temperature, 85–110 °C and drying air speed, 5–15 m/s. The manufacturing data include pre-calendered coating thickness, mass loading dry and wet, pre-calendered porosity, spatial autocorrelation and join counting (SAJC) Z -score for carbon and for fluorine, cell thickness, coating weight and porosity of 15 different electrode coatings and 45 half-coin cells. The electrochemical data was obtained at 25 °C in a Maccor 4000 series battery cycler and consists of charge and discharge capacities at C/20, C/5, C/2, 1C, 2C, 5C and 10C C-rates. Discharge gravimetric and volumetric capacities, rate performance (at 5C:0.2C) and first cycle loss data is also reported. Details of the experimental design and a comprehensive analysis of the data can be found in the co-submitted manuscript (Román-Ramírez et al., 2021). Additional collected data not used in Román-Ramírez et al. (2021) is reported in the present manuscript and include visual observations of coating defects, rheological properties of the electrode slurries (solid content, viscosity, coating shear rate and viscosity at coating shear rate), room temperature and room humidity during the coatings and first cycle loss of the coin cells. Raw and analyzed data is made available. The reported data can be used to extend the analysis reported in Román-Ramírez et al. (2021), and for the comparison of relevant data obtained at different manufacturing scales.

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threshold values were adjusted to give a surface coverage percentage for which expected mean and standard deviation values had been calculated. The equation used to calculate the Z 1-1 join counting score is given in [1] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental data of cathodes manufactured in a convective dryer at the pilot-plant scale, and charge and discharge capacities of half-coin lithium-ion cells

et al. 2022

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“…A few works can be found in the literature directed at understanding the effect of manufacturing operating parameters on intermediate products or final cell performance by different techniques [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Mixing operating parameters such as mixing sequence and mixing temperature and their effect on cycling stability and C-rate performance have been reported by some authors [10][11][12]17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calendering parameters such as pressure, roll temperature and electrode composition and their influence on electrode mechanical and electrochemical properties have been researched by different groups [8,13,14]. The cathode coating-drying process was studied by Román-Ramírez et al [15] by a screening design of experiments (DoE) method to identify and model the relationship between the critical process variables and cell electrochemical performance. The models obtained, however, were restricted to linear models since the experimental design chosen, the Plackett-Burman design, was only aimed at identifying main effects [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cathode coating-drying process was studied by Román-Ramírez et al [15] by a screening design of experiments (DoE) method to identify and model the relationship between the critical process variables and cell electrochemical performance. The models obtained, however, were restricted to linear models since the experimental design chosen, the Plackett-Burman design, was only aimed at identifying main effects [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of coating operating parameters on electrode physical characteristics and final electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

Román‐Ramírez

Apachitei

Niri

et al. 2022

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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The effect of coating parameters of NMC622 cathodes and graphite anodes on their physical structure and half-cell electrochemical performance is evaluated by design of experiments. Coating parameters include the coater comma bar gap, coating ratio and web speed. The electrochemical properties studied are gravimetric and volumetric capacity, rate performance, areal specific impedance (ASI) and C-rate. Differences in the manufacturing effects on the electrode physical structure and electrochemical performance are observed between the electrodes and are modelled by linear regression. The effect of cell coating weight and porosity on half-coin cell electrochemical performance is also evaluated by linear regression. The cathode performance at high gravimetric and volumetric C-rates is mainly influenced by coating weight, whereas porosity is the only explanatory variable for volumetric C-rates of 1C and below. For anode, correlations are only found for the C/20 and 5C gravimetric and volumetric capacities and are related to coating weight. An inverse relationship between ASI and coating weight is observed for cathode, but in general the cell physical characteristics cannot completely explain the observed ASI for both electrodes. The obtained models are useful for the design and robust manufacturing of electrodes since present a quantitative relationship between the coating parameters, cell characteristics and final cell electrochemical performance.

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Data Specifications for Battery Manufacturing Digitalization: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Zanotto

Dominguez

Ayerbe

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Batteries & Supercaps www.batteries-supercaps.org Review doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200224 Lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing requires a pilot stage that optimizes its characteristics. However, this process is costly and time-consuming. One way to overcome this is to use a set of computational models that act as a digital twin of the pilot line, exchanging information in real-time that can be compared with measurements to correct parameters. Here we discuss the parameters involved in each step of LIB manufacturing, show available computational modeling approaches, and discuss details about practical implementation in terms of software. Then, we analyze these parameters regarding their criticality for modeling set-up and validation, measurement accuracy, and rapidity. Presenting this in an understandable format allows identifying missing aspects, remaining challenges, and opportunities for the emergence of pilot lines integrating digital twins. Finally, we present the challenges of managing the data produced by these models. As a snapshot of the state-of-theart, this work is an initial step towards digitalizing battery manufacturing pilot lines, paving the way toward autonomous optimization.

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Understanding the effect of coating-drying operating variables on electrode physical and electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Experimental data of cathodes manufactured in a convective dryer at the pilot-plant scale, and charge and discharge capacities of half-coin lithium-ion cells

Experimental data of cathodes manufactured in a convective dryer at the pilot-plant scale, and charge and discharge capacities of half-coin lithium-ion cells

Effect of coating operating parameters on electrode physical characteristics and final electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

Data Specifications for Battery Manufacturing Digitalization: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

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