Understanding the co‐occurrence of tree loss and modern slavery to improve efficacy of conservation actions and policies

Jackson, Bethany; Sparks, Jessica L. Decker; Brown, Chloe; Boyd, Doreen S.

doi:10.1111/csp2.183

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Recent work on forests and their association with modern slavery practices have been highlighted, with Cameron et al (2021) noting that tree cover loss was one of the strongest and most significant indicators of modern slavery. Risk of modern slavery and tree cover loss are particularly high within the tropical regions (Jackson et al 2020a). This reflects the higher levels of losses that are seen in these forest regions more generally (FAO and UNEP 2020).…”

Section: Modern Slavery and Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Environmental Research. Volume 84

2021

Advances in Environmental Research

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Modern slavery is a growing concern within the developmental space. There are an estimated 40.3 million people subjected to experiences of modern slavery according to the International Labour Organization (ILO), with 15-30% of those being linked to environmental activities (e.g., fishing, agriculture, forestry, mining and quarrying). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outline the need for both the ending of modern slavery (SDG target 8.7) and the protection of forest environments (SDG 15.2). Present thoughts around linking these two seemingly disparate socialecological issues is beginning to draw the bi-directional links between modern slavery and the environment within the framing of the modern slavery-environmental degradation-climate change nexus.In addressing the nexus, forest environments have been at the forefront of our understanding due to the many reported links between modern slavery and deforestation. This chapter outlines the connections between modern slavery and deforestation, highlighting those issues that are faced by communities, within and close to the natural resources protected by the forest, and solutions for the protection of both people and nature. A review of the previous literature and commonalities within both the antislavery and environmental literatures are drawn together to provide insight into the current knowledge, and additional understanding into the novel applications of methods to assess the nexus. The modern slavery-deforestation connection is outlined in detailed for four different sectors and geographies, demonstrating the scope of the co-occurrence: cattle ranching in Brazil, illegal logging in Russia, palm oil plantations in Southeast Asia, and mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Finally, a call for action is made which addresses the need for cooperation and collaboration between environmental and conservation organisations, and those which work to address modern slavery. The risks posed from deforestation are inherently linked to the vulnerabilities of modern slavery for individuals and communities. In order to support the achievement of the SDGs (both 8.7 and 15.2) policy actions will need to centre the ending of modern slavery for the good of society and the environment. This follows trends for centring the issue in the development sector, within the conservation space. Areas for possible policy integration are identified and solutions noted (such as the EU's mandatory Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence (mHREDD) law).

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Section: Modern Slavery and Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern slavery is often associated with the presence of deforestation, climate change and illegal logging (Bales 2016;Jackson et al 2020a). However, the drivers of modern slavery practices are more complex with a number of factors leading to the presence of tree cover loss.…”

Section: Drivers Of Forest Loss Associated With Modern Slaverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Environmental Research. Volume 84

2021

Advances in Environmental Research

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“…Outbreaks of infectious disease are associated with, and can amplify, documented trafficking risk factors such as diminished economic opportunity, increased criminal activity and competition for resources (Worsnop, 2019). Environmental destruction is linked to the spillover of novel infectious diseases into human populations (Quammen, 2012), and so too human trafficking is inextricably linked to environmental destruction and climate change (Bales, 2016;Brown et al, 2019;Jackson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Conceptualizing Trafficking As a "Disease"mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Perspective on Labor Trafficking

Gallo¹,

Konrad

Thinyane³

2020

Journal of Human Trafficking

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Ending all forms of labor trafficking by 2030 has been prioritized within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Target 8.7), yet progress in combatting trafficking has been limited. Human trafficking is recognized as a global public health concern because of its widespread negative impacts on individual and population level health. This has led researchers, policymakers, and NGOs to frequently claim that trafficking has reached "epidemic proportions". If such is the case, then using tools from public health and epidemiology can help to generate novel insights in the way we conceptualize, research, and address the problem of trafficking. Using a methodological framework known as the Epidemiologic Problem Oriented Approach (EPOA), we analyze the various components of labor trafficking identification and response, drawing contextualized comparisons with infectious disease epidemiology to characterize labor trafficking as a "disease". This crossdisciplinary approach provides a well-defined conceptual organization of the components that play a role in understanding trafficking dynamics. Epidemiology is highly relevant in the study of trafficking and contributes to the growing research interest surrounding the intersection of public health and human trafficking. KEYWORDS Labor trafficking; public health; epidemiology There are no jobs in Sein's hometown in Myanmar, so he made the hard decision to look for work in Thailand. Sein has been working as a fisherman now for five years. Though the hours are long, and the conditions are harsh, he doesn't mind as he is able to provide for his family. Compared to his previous boss Ohnmar, Cho is a saint, and doesn't take it out on the fishers when the nets don't come up full. Ohnmar was brutal-on one trip the nets kept coming up empty and the crew had to stay out at sea a further 3 days than what they had planned. He didn't let them rest until the hold was full, and because the extended trip was unplanned, they ran out of drinking water. When they returned to port, Ohnmar refused to give extra time off in lieu of the extended time at sea, and only gave Sein a fraction of the salary that he had been promised. Ohnmar had said that this would teach the fishers for not working hard enough. If the fishers complained, Ohnmar would think of another punishment for disrespecting himoften keeping them onboard the boat while it was in port. Sein had often considered leaving, but needed the money that Ohnmar owed him. Ohnmar hadn't always been like this-they had grown up in the same village, and Ohnmar had been the one who initially told Sein about his work in Thailand. Three years after Sein joined him on the boat, Ohnmar had been promoted to the position of Chiu-the right-hand man of the captain. It seemed like Ohnmar wanted to prove he was right for the job and deserving of the increased authority (and pay) that the promotion included. Cho was different. He pushed Sein and the crew to work very long hours, but always recorded their days at sea accurately. They often ran trips ...

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“…Abundant waste can be processed into objects that have artistic value or sale value. Communities must be able to manage waste by recycling, reusing, purifying, or purifying [17].…”

Section: Garbage Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farmers do livestock activities according to the rules, so it is interesting to be visited and carried out by visitors. Production of traditional food preparations is carried out following health standards, and produces attractive products, and is characteristic of the village of Baros [17].…”

Section: Mangrove Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Management of Planted Mangroves Through Evaluating Ecosystem Services in Baros Village Bantul Regency, Indonesia

Djumanto¹

2020

Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration [Working Title]

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Planting mangrove trees on sandy land in Baros village into forest conservation has many ecological, economic, social, and tourism benefits for the surrounding community. The mangrove conservation in Baros village is artificial conservation managed by the men and women Baros youth. The coastal area of Baros village is often affected by tidal flooding, which causes losses to agriculture, fisheries, and livestock. In the early 2000s, an NGO assisted at research sites in mangrove restoration in a mangrove restoration area in the lagoon of Baros village to prevent abrasion and sea intrusion and protect agricultural areas. Restored mangroves can grow well to bring ecological, biological, economic, and social benefits. The local government of Bantul has designated the Baros mangrove forest as a reserve of a coastal park conservation area. The existence of the tree is beneficial ecological, biological, economic, and social. The Baros village youth group made various efforts to increase mangrove trees' area so that their benefits were sustainable. Managers and the village government and tour guides are expected to accommodate the existence of culture and local wisdom. Also, increasing community participation, fisheries, agriculture, and animal husbandry activities can provide socioeconomic benefits for the community and the wider community's welfare.

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Understanding the co‐occurrence of tree loss and modern slavery to improve efficacy of conservation actions and policies

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Advances in Environmental Research. Volume 84

Advances in Environmental Research. Volume 84

An Epidemiological Perspective on Labor Trafficking

Conservation Management of Planted Mangroves Through Evaluating Ecosystem Services in Baros Village Bantul Regency, Indonesia

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