Understanding the burden of human papillomavirus-associated anal cancers in the US

Joseph, Djenaba; Miller, Jacqueline W.; Wu, Xiao‐Cheng; Chen, Vivien W.; Morris, Cyllene R.; Goodman, Marc T.; Villalon-Gomez, Jose M.; Williams, Melanie; Cress, Rosemary D.

doi:10.1002/cncr.23744

Cited by 181 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in line with reports from the USA of increases in incidence in periods between 1940 and 2003 3,4,[16][17][18][19] and from other European countries. [20][21][22] As in the 2 most recent European studies, we observed that the increase was particularly evident in women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Calendar time was divided into 5-year periods (1978-1982, 1983-1987, 1988-1992,1993-1997, 1998-2002 and 2003-2008), and age was divided into 2 groups (<60 and !60). Histologically, we divided the anal cancers into those associated with HPV (squamous cell carcinomas and transitional cell carcinomas) and non-HPV-associated cancers (e.g., adenocarcinomas) on the basis of reports that describe HPV as being strongly associated with squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma, 16 while adenocarcinomas of the anal canal behave more like low-rectal carcinomas. 1 Finally we calculated gender-, period-and age-specific incidence rates of AIN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

Nielsen

Munk

Kjær

2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to determine the incidences of anal cancer and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN2/3) over time in Danish women and men. Describing the burden of anal cancer and AIN may be valuable in future evaluations of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. We included all anal cancers in the Danish Cancer Register in the period 1978-2008 and all cases of AIN2/3 in the Danish Registry of Pathology. Overall and age-, period-and histology-specific incidence rates were estimated. During the 30-year period, 2,187 anal cancers were identified, two thirds of which were in women. Between 1978Between -1982Between and 2003Between -2008, the age-standardized incidence rate of anal cancer increased from 0.68 to 1.48 per 100,000 person-years in women and from 0.45 to 0.80 per 100,000 person-years in men. Although there is no systematic screening for AIN in Denmark, we nevertheless identified 608 cases of AIN2/3 during the study period. The average annual percentage change of 5% between 1998 and 2008 represents a steep increase in the incidence of AIN in both genders. Furthermore, the incidence rate of HPV-associated anal cancers increased significantly, whereas that of non-HPV-associated histological types levelled out or even declined during the 30 years of observation. In women, the increase in HPV-associated cancers was more pronounced among those under 60 years of age. Our findings indicate that vaccines against HPV might play an important role in the prevention of anal cancer and its precursor lesions.Anal cancer is relatively rare, representing less than 5% of cancers in the lower gastrointestinal tract, 1 and it is more common in women than in men. Over the past few decades, the incidence of anal cancer has been increasing throughout the world in both genders. In Denmark, a marked increase in the incidence of anal cancer was reported nearly 20 years ago, 2 with the greatest increase among women and men residing in the capital area. This led to investigations in the other Nordic countries and the United States, where similar patterns were observed; it was proposed that the increase was due to changing patterns in sexual behaviour. 3 In general, anal cancer has a fair prognosis, with 5-year survival rates greater than 70%, depending on factors such as gender, tumour stage and response to chemotherapy and radiation. 1 According to data from the SEER programme in the United States, the survival rate has improved substantially in women but not in men. 4 Smoking, sexual practices and immunosuppression have been reported to increase the risk for anal cancer. 1,[5][6][7][8] The most important causative agent is, however, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the precursor lesion for anal cancer. Information about the occurrence of AIN is, however, still limited, the prevalence and incidence having been examined mainly in selected groups, e.g., men who have sex with men and HIV-positive patients; 7-15 few studies have included women. 7,13,15 Knowledge a...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

Nielsen

Munk

Kjær

2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Studies have show that about 2,000 new cases of HPV-associated anal cancers are diagnosed each year in the United States. 2 Similarly to what happens in uterine cervix, anal carcinoma is preceded by cellular abnormalities or intraepithelial neoplasias, and these also progress from low-grade lesions to high-grade lesions and finally, depending on some circumstances, to cancer. However, the percentage of regression and progression of the lesions in these patients is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV infection and intraepithelial lesions from the anal region: how to diagnose?

Carvalho¹,

Ferreira²,

Bueno³

2011

Braz J Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the last years, the prevalence of HPV infection in the anal region has increased, especially in some groups like homosexual and HIV-positive people. Since this infection can be associated with the development of squamous anal cancer due to its progression from HPV infection to anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and finally to cancer, the screening and evaluation of these conditions are important. Anal cytology and high resolution anoscopy are good methods that are available and can be used. Although useful, these methods should be performed correctly and not indiscriminately in all patients. Patients for whom anal cytology screening is recommended are: HIV-infected patients, homosexuals, women who present with high-grade vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar cancer or cervical cancer. An abnormal anal cytology should be further evaluated with high resolution anoscopy. Keywords: anal canal; papillomavirus infections; cell biology; carcinoma in situ.identify these pre-invasive lesions is being questioned. Such questions relate to the groups to be screened and the best way to implement it such screening. The purpose of this study was to review the literature about the use of anal cytology and anoscopy to screening and evaluation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. ANAL CYTOLOGYAnal cytology is a noninvasive method of screening, which is performed primarily by anal secretion collection through a brush (Dacron swab) introduced into the anal canal and removed with gentle rotation movements. It is indicated to avoid anal sex and douching in the day before the procedure, since these practices can decrease cellular recovery. Special caution should be taken for not touching anal canal warts and rectum walls with the brush to avoid any fecal contamination.

show abstract

“…An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base showed that most patients with anal carcinoma (71.1 %) required invasive treatments such as chemoradiation therapy with or without surgery, and the 5-year overall survival for these patients was 58.0 % [2]. Anal squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) accounts for almost 10 % of all anal carcinomas [3]. Here we present a case of anal canal squamous cell CIS incidentally detected in a patient at low risk of developing anal cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrowband imaging colonoscopy with a transparent hood for diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the anal canal

Oono

Fu²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2010

Endoscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the burden of human papillomavirus-associated anal cancers in the US

Cited by 181 publications

References 31 publications

Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

HPV infection and intraepithelial lesions from the anal region: how to diagnose?

Narrowband imaging colonoscopy with a transparent hood for diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the anal canal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About