Understanding Small-Signal Stability of Low-Inertia Systems

Markovic, Uros; Stanojev, Ognjen; Aristidou, Petros; Vrettos, Evangelos; Callaway, Duncan S.; Hug, Gabriela

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2021.3061434

Cited by 188 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The authors in [74] present fundamental insights on understanding the small-signal stability of low-inertia systems with both grid forming and grid following inverters and their interaction with various components of the power system at various time scales, as shown in Fig. 11.…”

Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters (GFMIs). Electric power systems are increasingly being augmented with inverter-based resources (IBRs). While having a growing share of IBRs, conventional synchronous generator-based voltage and frequency control mechanisms are still prevalent in the power industry. Therefore, IBRs are experiencing a growing demand for mimicking the behavior of synchronous generators, which is not possible with conventional grid following inverters (GFLIs). As a solution, the concept of GFMIs is currently emerging, which is drawing increased attention from academia and the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of GFMIs covering recent advancements in control technologies, fault ride-through capabilities, stability enhancement measures, and practical implementations. Moreover, the challenges in adding GFMIs into existing power systems, including a seamless transition from grid-connected mode to the standalone mode and vice versa, are also discussed in detail. Recently commissioned projects in Australia, the UK, and the US are taken as examples to highlight the trend in the power industry in adding GFMIs to address issues related to weak grid scenarios. Research directions in terms of voltage control, frequency control, system strength improvement, and regulatory framework are also discussed. This paper serves as a resource for researchers and power system engineers exploring solutions to the emerging problems with high penetration of IBRs, focusing on GFMIs.INDEX TERMS Current control, fault ride-through, grid forming inverters, power synchronization control, small-signal and transient stability, virtual inertia.

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Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…A detailed small-signal analysis has been performed in [11]. In this study the authors use eigenvalue analysis to determine when a system comprised of two machines (all combinations of SMs, GFLs and GFMs) become unstable with increasing penetrations of the CIG based machine (and of the GFL specifically in the GFM-GFL case).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the EMT implementation of the models in this work allow for easier adaptation for future investigations into more complicated or detailed systems and components, despite this level of detail not being necessary to identify electromechanical modes of oscillation. This future adaptability was considered because high frequency phenomena have been proven to be significant in the stability of systems with substantial levels of CIG [8], [11], [12]. This paper is mainly interested in investigating electromechanical modes, hence a relatively simple (low order) SM model is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Signal Interactions Involving a Synchronous Machine and a Grid Forming Converter

Benedetti

Papadopoulos

Egea‐Àlvarez

2021

2021 IEEE Madrid PowerTech

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Interactions between synchronous machines (SMs) and grid forming converters (GFMs) will become increasingly relevant as the power system transitions from a conventional fossil fueled synchronous based system to a renewable generation rich and converter-based system. This paper investigates and confirms the possibility of electromechanical oscillatory modes between conventional SMs and converter connected generation using a GFM control algorithm as well as between two GFMs. The study employs small-signal models and performs small-signal eigenvalue analysis. Moreover, parametric sweeps are performed, to investigate the impact of network and GFM control parameters in controlling the electromechanical modes.

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“…Some suggestions posit [20] that such limitations will no longer be needed if better control solutions are designed for PV inverters. The issues concerning stability that arise from the increasing share of renewable generation and the corresponding uncertainties continue to be an important topic in the scientific and professional communities [21][22][23]. The authors of [22] stressed the need for additional research dedicated to the effects and proportions of grid-following and gridforming inverters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Small-Signal Stability and Power Oscillation Damping through Photovoltaic Inverters

2021

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This paper focuses on the methods that ensure the rotor angle stability of electric power systems, which is most frequently analyzed with small-signal models. Over the past several decades, power system stabilizers (PSSs) for conventional excitation systems were the main tools for improving the small-signal stability of electromechanical oscillatory modes. In the last decade, power oscillation damping (POD) control implemented in photovoltaic (PV) inverters has been considered an alternative to PSSs. As PV generation undergoes massive rollout due to policy directions and renewable energy source integration activities, it could potentially be used as a source of damping, which is crucial for sustaining the rotor angle stability of the remaining in-service synchronous generators. Several studies have already been dedicated to the development of different damping strategies. This paper contributes to the existing research in power system stability by providing a comprehensive review of the effects of PV generation on small-signal stability, as well as the recent evolution of POD control through PV inverters. The features and impacts of the various ways to realize POD controllers are assessed and summarized in this paper. Currently, detailed information and discussions on the practical application of PV inverter PODs are not available. This paper is, thus, intended to initiate a relevant discussion and propose possible implementation approaches concerning the topic under study.

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Understanding Small-Signal Stability of Low-Inertia Systems

Cited by 188 publications

References 44 publications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Small Signal Interactions Involving a Synchronous Machine and a Grid Forming Converter

A Comprehensive Review of Small-Signal Stability and Power Oscillation Damping through Photovoltaic Inverters

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