Understanding Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Water Quality Parameters in Mangrove Estuary of the Nyong River Using Multivariate Analysis (Cameroon Southern Atlantic Coast)

Abstract

To evaluate the actual status of water quality and conclude on the mains source of pollution in the Nyong estuary River, seasonal and spatial variation of water quality parameters was interpreted by multivariate statistical techniques (Principal Component analysis). Nine (09) environmental variables were monitored at four surface stations in the estuary for two seasonal cycles. The fieldwork was conducted from 2018 to 2019 during high tide and low tide for each survey. In situ physical parameters were measured for a total of 64 samples (32 samples for each tide). The laboratory works consisted of some physicochemical analyses and processing of these data by descriptive and multidimensional statistical analyses. Temperature, suspended particle matter, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate change significantly in the estuary with season (p < 0.05), while salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonium do not vary significantly with season (p > 0.05). Principal Component analysis found temperature, salinity, pH, ammonium to be the most important parameters contributing to the fluctuations of surface water quality in the Nyong estuary during the dry seasons whereas suspended particle matter, nitrate, and phosphate are the most important parameters contributing to the fluctuation of surface water quality in the Nyong estuary during the rainy seasons. Based on spatial variation, the Principal Component analysis found that, sus-

Qualidade da Água no Estuário do Rio Goiana, Nordeste do Brasil: Subsídios para a Conservação

“…Essas variáveis estão diretamente relacionadas com a dinâmica e abundância dos recursos pesqueiros extraídos na região da RESEX Acaú-Goiana, como no caso do crustáceo Cardisoma Guanhumi (LATREILLE, 1828) (Lima et al, 2021), e do molusco Anomalocardia flexuosa (LINNAEUS, 1767) (Silva-Cavalcanti et al, 2018). O pH é uma importante variável para o funcionamento do ecossistema, já quem em tores mais ácidos, vai prejudicar as dinâmicas populacionais dos organismos estuarinos (Mama et al, 2021). No rio Goiana, o pH permaneceu circumneutral.…”

“…Essa relação entre as variáveis é similar ao encontrado por Costa et al (2017), em um estudo desenvolvido para o mesmo rio. A ACP permite identificar o funcionamento do ecossistema a partir das variáveis físicas e químicas da água estuarina (Mama et al, 2021).…”

Water quality assessment methods of the highland Andean rivers: A scoping systematic review

“…Recognizing the urgency of this situation, the continuous monitoring and regulation of freshwater quality have emerged as critical imperatives for nations worldwide [ 6 , 28 ]. By effectively assessing, predicting, and controlling water pollution, we can safeguard water resources and also lay the foundations for their sustainable use [ 29 ]. In developed countries, nutrient enrichment and eutrophication of water resources are issues that have to face as a challenge [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Effects of the tide on the temporal and spatial physicochemical structure of the Kienké river estuary (South Atlantic Coast of Cameroon, Kribi) and its phytoplankton

“…However, very few studies specific to water quality in these environments have been carried out despite all the services provided. Existing information concerns the quantitative approach to biodegradation in the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone in the Sanaga and Nyong estuaries, and in the rivers of the Douala Bay (Giresse & Cahet 1997;Fonge et al 2013;Mama et al 2018;Mama et al 2021).…”