We used morphological and molecular approaches to evaluate the diversity of free-living marine nematodes (order Enoplida) at four coastal sites in the Gulf of California and three on the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico. We identified 22 morphological species belonging to six families, of which Thoracostomopsidae and Oncholaimidae were the most diverse. The genus Mesacanthion (Thoracostomopsidae) was the most widespread and diverse. Five allopatric species, genetically and morphologically differentiated, were found in two localities in the Gulf of California (M. sp1 and M. sp2) and three in the Pacific coast (M. sp3, M. sp4 and M. sp5). Overall, we produced 19 and 20 sequences for the 18S and 28S genes, respectively. Neither gene displayed intraspecific polymorphisms, which allowed us to establish that some morphological variation was likely either ontogenetic or due to phenotypic plasticity. Although 18S and 28S phylogenies were topologically congruent (incongruence length difference test, P > 0.05), divergences between species were much higher in the 28S gene. Moreover, this gene possessed a stronger phylogenetic signal to resolve relationships involving Rhabdodemania and Bathylaimus. On the other hand, the close relationship of Pareurystomina (Enchilidiidae) with oncholaimids warrants further study. The 28S sequences (D2D3 domain) may be better suited for DNA barcoding of marine nematodes than those from the 18S rDNA, particularly for differentiating closely related or cryptic species. Finally, our results underline the relevance of adopting an integrative approach encompassing morphological and molecular analyses to improve the assessment of marine nematode diversity and advance their taxonomy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1439-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
O ensino de botânica por meio de sequência didática: uma experiência no ensino de ciências com aulas práticas The teaching of botany through didactic sequence: an experience in teaching science with practical classes
Epacanthion agubernaculus sp. nov. (Thoracostomopsidae, Nematoda) is described from sediments of Campos Basin, Atlantic Southeast, Brazil. The main features are: the long spicules, the absence of gubernaculum, and the presence of three pairs of setae in the tail region. Only one male was found for description, but the main features are strong enough to consider it clearly as a new species. An updated and modified key for species identification is proposed.
Projetos de extensão universitária são um elo fundamental para aproximar a sociedade civil do conhecimento científico. Porém, ao vivenciar momentos atípicos, como o início da pandemia do COVID-19 em 2020, as atividades extensionistas precisaram ser remodeladas para continuar com seu propósito de levar conhecimento às comunidades circunvizinhas à Universidade. Dessa maneira, o presente artigo teve como objetivo a construção de instrumentos de divulgação científica sobre os efeitos decorrentes do derramamento de óleo ocorrido no litoral do Brasil, em especial no Estado de Pernambuco. Tais iniciativas ocorreram no âmbito do projeto de extensão “Do Caos à Lama”, da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Para sua execução, plataformas disponibilizadas on-line foram utilizadas para a produção e disseminação de conteúdos informativos, como Instagram, Podcast, E-book e Cartilha Informativa. Os resultados apontaram que as ações realizadas pelo projeto obtiveram um bom alcance (> 9 mil acessos), com concomitante engajamento do público, além de atingir outras nacionalidades. Dentre as plataformas, o Instagram obteve uma maior aceitação, seguido dos aplicativos de Podcast, o que salienta a importância e necessidade de se utilizar conteúdos visuais mais atrativos para despertar o interesse do público em geral. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o uso de diferentes plataformas digitais, atrelado ao uso de uma linguagem adequada ao público, foram fundamentais para que o projeto obtivesse uma boa aceitação dos usuários digitais, além de aproximar os conteúdos científicos abordados na academia com a comunidade civil. Palavras-chave: Desastre Ambiental; Ensino Remoto; Plataformas Digitais; Projeto de Extensão Scientific disclosure on the oil spill off on the coast of Brazil Abstract: University extension projects are a fundamental link to bring civil society closer to the academic sphere. However, when experiencing atypical moments, such as the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, university extension activities needed to be remodeled to continue with their purpose of bringing knowledge to the surrounding communities. In this way, the present article aimed to build scientific dissemination instruments considering the socio-environmental perspective about the oil spill on the coast of Brazil, especially in the State of Pernambuco, through the extension project "Do Caos à Lama" of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. For its execution, available online platforms were used, such as Instagram, Podcasts, E-book, and an Information Booklet. The results showed that the actions carried out by the project achieved a sound amplitude (> 9 thousand accesses) and public engagement, besides reaching other nationalities. Among the platforms, Instagram gained greater acceptance, followed by Podcasts, which rescues the importance and need for engaging visual content to arouse the general public's interest. Thus, it is concluded that the use of different digital platforms, coupled with an accessible language, was fundamental for the project to obtain a good acceptance from digital users and bring the contents discussed and approached by the academy closer to the civil community. Keywords: Environmental Disaster; Remote Teaching; Digital Platforms; Extension Project
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