Understanding of the concept of numerically "less" by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Jaakkola, Kelly; Fellner, Wendi; Erb, Linda; Rodriguez, Mandy; Guarino, Emily

doi:10.1037/0735-7036.119.3.296

Cited by 83 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because it takes a larger investment of time to train and test subjects in this manner, a low sample size is conventional. This strategy of lower sample size combined with extensive training and testing has been used more often with nonhuman primates, marine mammals, and birds (e.g., Beran, 2007;Jaakkola, Fellner, Erb, Rodriguez, & Guarino, 2005;Pepperberg, 2006;Tomonaga, 2008;Yaman, Kilian, von Fersen, & Gunturkun, 2012) than with fish. Even though we compensated for fewer subjects with more trials, it is still important to replicate these results with additional goldfish subjects in future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Discrimination of Geometric and Complex 2D Shapes in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

DeLong¹,

Keller²,

Wilcox³

et al. 2018

AB&C

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Discrimination of Geometric and Complex 2D Shapes in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

DeLong¹,

Keller²,

Wilcox³

et al. 2018

AB&C

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“…As few individuals are available in captivity, we used the same experimental design commonly used to test numerical abilities in rare or endangered mammals and birds [e.g. orangutan, Pongo abelli (Vonk, 2014); gorilla, Gorilla gorilla gorilla ; macaque (Brannon and Terrace, 1998); bear, Ursus americanus (Vonk and Beran, 2012); elephant, Loxodonta africana ; dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Jaakkola et al, 2005); and parrot, Psittacus erithacus (Pepperberg, 2006)]. A small number of individuals are used in each experiment and experimental hypotheses are tested by statistically analyzing the performance of each individual subject.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very limited number of individuals are available in worldwide laboratories. For this reason, we adopted an experimental design commonly used to test numerical abilities in mammals and birds (Jaakkola et al, 2005;Pepperberg, 2006;Vonk, 2014). In these studies, a small number of individuals are tested, sometimes even a single subject, under the assumption that if at least one individual can achieve the task, the species is equipped with neuro-cognitive systems able to potentially support the resolution of the task (Pepperberg and Brezinsky, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-visual numerical discrimination in a blind cavefish (Phreatichthys andruzzii)

Bisazza

Tagliapietra

Bertolucci

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Over a decade of comparative studies, researchers have found that rudimentary numerical abilities are widespread among vertebrates. While experiments in mammals and birds have employed a variety of stimuli (visual, auditory and tactile), all fish studies involved visual stimuli and it is unknown whether fish can process numbers in other sensory modalities. To fill this gap, we studied numerical abilities in Phreatichthys andruzzii, a blind cave-dwelling species that evolved in the phreatic layer of the Somalia desert. Fish were trained to receive a food reward to discriminate between two groups of objects placed in opposite positions of their home tank. In Experiment 1, subjects learned to discriminate between two and six objects, with stimuli not controlled for non-numerical continuous variables that covary with numbers, such as total area occupied by stimuli or density. In Experiment 2, the discrimination was two versus four, with half of the stimuli controlled for continuous quantities and half not controlled for continuous quantities. The subjects discriminated only the latter condition, indicating that they spontaneously used non-numerical information, as other vertebrates tested in similar experiments. In Experiments 3 and 4, cavefish trained from the beginning only with stimuli controlled for continuous quantities proved able to learn the discrimination of quantities based on the sole numerical information. However, their numerical acuity was lower than that reported in other teleost fish tested with visual stimuli.

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“…The list of species passing such tests grows each year, and now includes fish (Agrillo, Dadda, Serena, & Bisazza, 2008;Agrillo, Piffer, & Bisazza, 2011;Piffer, Agrillo, & Hyde, 2012), amphibians (Krusche, Uller, & Dicke, 2010;Uller et al, 2003), birds (Emmerton, 1998;Rugani, Regolin, & Vallortigara, 2008), and many mammals including voles (Ferkin, Pierce, Sealand, & delBarco-Trillo, 2005), dogs (Ward & Smuts, 2007), bears (Vonk & Beran, Correspondence concerning this article can be addressed to Michael J. Beran, Language Research Center, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30302; mjberan@yahoo.com. (Irie-Sugimoto, Kobayashi, Sato, & Hasegawa, 2009;Perdue, Talbot, Stone, & Beran, 2012), marine mammals (Abramson, Hernandez-Lloreda, Call, & Colmenares, 2011;Jaakkola, Fellner, Erb, Rodriguez, & Guarino, 2005) and nonhuman primates (e.g., Addessi, Crescimbene, & Visalberghi, 2008;Anderson, Stoinski, Bloomsmith, & Maple, 2007, Anderson et al, 2005Beran, 2001Beran, , 2004Beran, , 2012Beran & Beran, 2004;Call, 2000;Evans, Beran, Harris, & Rice, 2009;Hanus &Call, 2007;Tomonaga, 2007). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…2012), elephants (Irie-Sugimoto, Kobayashi, Sato, & Hasegawa, 2009;Perdue, Talbot, Stone, & Beran, 2012), marine mammals (Abramson, Hernandez-Lloreda, Call, & Colmenares, 2011;Jaakkola, Fellner, Erb, Rodriguez, & Guarino, 2005) and nonhuman primates (e.g., Addessi, Crescimbene, & Visalberghi, 2008;Anderson, Stoinski, Bloomsmith, & Maple, 2007, Anderson et al, 2005Beran, 2001Beran, , 2004Beran, , 2012Beran & Beran, 2004;Call, 2000;Evans, Beran, Harris, & Rice, 2009;Hanus &Call, 2007;Tomonaga, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Nesting of Stimuli Affects Rhesus Monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) Quantity Judgments in a Bisection Task

Parrish¹,

Beran²

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Nonhuman animals are highly proficient at judging relative quantities presented in a variety of formats including visual, auditory, and even cross modal formats. Performance typically is constrained by the ratio between sets, as would be expected under Weber's Law, and as is described in the Approximate Number System (ANS) hypothesis. In most cases, tests are designed to avoid any perceptual confusion for animals regarding the stimulus sets, but despite this, animals show some of the perceptual biases that humans show based on organization of stimuli. Here, we demonstrate an additional perceptual bias that emerges from the illusion of nested sets. When arrays of circles were presented on a computer screen and were to be classified as larger than or as smaller than an established central value, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) underestimated quantities when circles were nested within each other. This matched a previous report with adult humans (Chesney & Gelman, 2012), indicating that macaques, like humans, show the pattern of biased perception predicted by ANS estimation. Although some macaques overcame this perceptual bias demonstrating that they could come to view nested stimuli as individual elements to be included in the estimates of quantity used for classifying arrays, the majority of the monkeys showed the bias of underestimating nested arrays throughout the experiment. KeywordsQuantity Judgments; Nested Stimuli; Bisection; Approximate Numerical System; Rhesus Monkeys; Macaca mulatta For more than 100 years, comparative psychologists and other researchers have attempted to demonstrate the capacities (and limitations) on the numerical cognition of nonhuman animals. This massive research area encompasses many dozens of testing paradigms designed to assess counting-like behavior, arithmetic competencies, rapid perception of quantities, the matching of stimuli based on their numerousness, and violations of expectations based on quantity information. Perhaps the most widely used test is the relative quantity judgment (RQJ), which entails making a choice between two or more sets or arrays on the basis of a relative judgment such as the larger array of food items. The list of species passing such tests grows each year, and now includes fish (Agrillo, Dadda, Serena, & Bisazza, 2008;Agrillo, Piffer, & Bisazza, 2011;Piffer, Agrillo, & Hyde, 2012), amphibians (Krusche, Uller, & Dicke, 2010;Uller et al., 2003), birds (Emmerton, 1998;Rugani, Regolin, & Vallortigara, 2008), and many mammals including voles (Ferkin, Pierce, Sealand, & delBarco-Trillo, 2005), dogs (Ward & Smuts, 2007), bears (Vonk & Beran, Correspondence concerning this article can be addressed to Michael J. Beran, Language Research Center, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30302; mjberan@yahoo.com. (Irie-Sugimoto, Kobayashi, Sato, & Hasegawa, 2009;Perdue, Talbot, Stone, & Beran, 2012), marine mammals (Abramson, Hernandez-Lloreda, Call, & Colmenares, 2011;Jaakkola, Fellner, Erb, Rodriguez, & Guarino, 2005) and nonhuman pr...

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Understanding of the concept of numerically "less" by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Cited by 83 publications

References 25 publications

Visual Discrimination of Geometric and Complex 2D Shapes in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Visual Discrimination of Geometric and Complex 2D Shapes in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Non-visual numerical discrimination in a blind cavefish (Phreatichthys andruzzii)

Visual Nesting of Stimuli Affects Rhesus Monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) Quantity Judgments in a Bisection Task

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