Understanding multifactorial architecture of Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology to management

BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease

“…The neuroprotective effect of BDNF is the result of activation of the TrkB/MAPK/ERK1/2/IP3K/Akt pathway, which leads to attenuation of apoptosis, glutamate, and nitric oxide (NO) neurotoxicity and cell damage caused by oxidative stress [79]. An increase in oxidative stress, glutamate neurotoxicity, NO production, and the process of apoptosis are observed in PD [80] and other neurological disorders [81,82].…”

Brain Awareness Week, CoVID-19 infection and Neurological Sciences

“…Table 1 Values obtained through the SIMPER analysis based in the diet of the Crenicichla species from streams, Upper Jacuí and Ibicuí subbasins, Southern Brazil • Kocaturk, O., Besli, F., Gungoren, F. et al [1] The relationship among neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, stroke territory, and 3-month mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke • Vita, G., Vita, G.L., Musumeci, O. et al [2] Genetic neuromuscular disorders: living the era of a therapeutic revolution. Part 2: diseases of motor neuron and skeletal muscle • Park, S.B., Kwon, K., Lee, J. et al [3] Lack of association between dopamine transporter loss and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: a detailed PET analysis of 12 striatal subregions • Hadjigeorgiou, G.M., Kountra, P., Koutsis, G. et al [4] Replication study of GWAS risk loci in Greek multiple sclerosis patients • Kaur, R., Mehan, S. & Singh, S. [5] Understanding multifactorial architecture of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology to management • Defazio, G., Albanese, A., Pellicciari, R. et al [6] Expert recommendations for diagnosing cervical, oromandibular, and limb dystonia • Sansone, V.A., Albamonte, E., Salmin, F. et al [7] Intrathecal nusinersen treatment for SMA in a dedicated neuromuscular clinic: an example of multidisciplinary and integrated care • Buture, A., Ahmed, F., Dikomitis, L. et al . [8] Systematic literature review on the delays in the diagnosis and misdiagnosis of cluster headache • Tarai, B., Das, P. [9] FilmArray (R) meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel, a rapid molecular platform for diagnosis of CNS infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India: one-and-half-year review • Trojano, M., Bergamaschi, R., Amato, M.P.…”

Alpha-synuclein promotes dopaminergic neuron death in Parkinson’s disease through microglial and NLRP3 activation

“…However, it has been determined that PD is a multifactorial disease which is the result of both genetic and environmental factors (Su et al, 2008). The primary features of PD are mitochondrial dysfunction, the spreading of activated microglia, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-SYN)-rich aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter modifications in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the substantial death of dopaminergic neurons (DAN) in this area (Gordon et al, 2018;Hsu et al, 2000;Kaur et al, 2018). Ultimately, these characteristics cause several symptoms, which can be grouped into non-motor and motor-related symptoms.…”