Understanding Lubricant Requirements of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

Clarke, Dean

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1476

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…There were four base oils selected as the candidate fluids: API Group III mineral (GIII), API Group IV polyalphaolefin (PAO), diester, and polyolester. These are fluids with different molecular structures but with similar kinematic viscosity at 100 ºC (between 3 to 5 cSt), as low-viscosity oils present better thermal properties [17]. Selecting four different base oils with similar kinematic viscosity broadens the scope of the analysis, as base oils from the same group might show similar results since the base structure is the same.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Effects of Base Oils after Thermal and Electrical Aging for EV Thermal Fluid Applications

Tormos,

Bermúdez,

Ruiz

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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This study presents the experimental results of the effects on base oils after thermal and electrical aging to determine key parameters of next-generation fluids for thermal management in electric vehicles. The test fluids selected were a mineral base oil API G-III, an API G-IV Polyalphaolefin (PAO), a diester, and a polyolester, all of which had similar kinematic viscosity (KV100 = 4 cSt). All were initially characterized with measurements of density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, breakdown voltage, resistivity, and dissipation factor. They underwent two separate aging processes, one thermal, heating the test fluid at 150 °C for 120 h with a copper strip as a catalyst; and the second one an electrical aging process, with the application of 1000 breakdown voltage discharges. The same properties were measured again after each aging process and compared to the initial ones. It was found that the thermal properties ranged with similar values and did not suffer major changes after the aging processes, unlike electrical properties, which vary between samples and after thermal and electrical stress. The insights gained from this study have implications for both the development of next-generation e-thermal fluids and the future standardization of these fluids for EV thermal management applications. The findings of this study underscore the significance of formulating and selecting a suitable dielectric fluid for EV thermal management. By leveraging the insights provided, researchers and engineers can advance in the development of efficient and reliable e-thermal fluids while working towards future standardization to enhance the performance and safety of EV battery systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Effects of Base Oils after Thermal and Electrical Aging for EV Thermal Fluid Applications

Tormos,

Bermúdez,

Ruiz

et al. 2023

Lubricants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have only been a few studies on the impact of engine lubricant on hybrid electric vehicle lubrication. In 2014, Clarke [42] reported field trial data from Toyota hybrid vehicles used in a taxi service in New York City (taxi type operation is generally regarded as the most severe type of driving for a passenger car). The vehicles in the trial used ILSAC GF-5 quality engine oils.…”

Section: Engine Oils For Phevs and Mhevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

Taylor

2021

Lubricants

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The motivations for the move to electrified vehicles are discussed with reference to their improved energy efficiency, their potential for lower CO2 emissions (if the electricity system is decarbonized), their lower (or zero) NOx/particulate matter (PM) tailpipe emissions, and the lower overall costs for owners. Some of the assumptions made in life-cycle CO2 emissions calculations are discussed and the effect of these assumptions on the CO2 benefits of electric vehicles are made clear. A number of new tribological challenges have emerged, particularly for hybrid vehicles that have both a conventional internal combustion engine and a battery, such as the need to protect against the much greater number of stop-starts that the engine will have during its lifetime. In addition, new lubricants are required for electric vehicle transmissions systems. Although full battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will not require engine oils (as there is no engine), they will require a system to cool the batteries—alternative cooling systems are discussed, and where these are fluid-based, the specific fluid requirements are outlined.

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“…There have only been a few studies on the impact of engine lubricant on hybrid electric vehicle lubrication. In 2014, Clarke [37] reported field trial data from Toyota hybrid vehicles used in taxi service in New York City (taxi type operation is generally regarded as the most severe type of driving for a passenger car).…”

Section: Engine Oils For Plug-in and Mild Hybrid Electric Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

Taylor¹

2021

Preprint

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The motivations for the move to electrified vehicles are discussed with reference to their improved energy efficiency, their potential for lower CO2 emissions (if the electricity system is decarbonized), their lower (or zero) NOx/particulate matter (PM) tailpipe emissions, and the lower overall costs for owners. Some of the assumptions made in life-cycle CO2 emissions calculations are discussed and the effect of these assumptions on the CO2 benefits of electric vehicles are made clear. A number of new tribological challenges have emerged, particularly for hybrid vehicles that have both a conventional internal combustion engine and a battery, such as the need to protect against the much greater number of stop-starts that the engine will have during its lifetime. In addition, new lubricants are required for electric vehicle transmissions systems. Although full battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will not require engine oils (as there is no engine) they will require a system to cool the batteries – alternative cooling systems are discussed, and where these are fluid based, the specific fluid requirements are outlined.

show abstract

Understanding Lubricant Requirements of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Degradation Effects of Base Oils after Thermal and Electrical Aging for EV Thermal Fluid Applications

Degradation Effects of Base Oils after Thermal and Electrical Aging for EV Thermal Fluid Applications

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

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