Understanding Immune Responses to Lassa Virus Infection and to Its Candidate Vaccines

Murphy, Hannah; Ly, Hinh

doi:10.3390/vaccines10101668

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…A careful balance between the benefits of and burdens of participation in research is also important when thinking about vulnerable populations so as to not undermine their representativeness and to www.co-neurology.com improve evidence-based decision-making [93]. With new vaccines against other causes of encephalitis in the pipeline, such as that for the chikungunya, Lassa fever, Nipah, and herpes simplex viruses, factoring in these vulnerable groups in clinical trials for vaccine development right from the start might be beneficial if safety is supported by earlier trial data [5,[94][95][96].…”

Section: Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing vaccine-preventable encephalitis in vulnerable populations

Piamonte

Easton²,

Wood

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of reviewVaccinations have been pivotal in lowering the global disease burden of vaccine-preventable encephalitides, including Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, measles encephalitis, and rabies encephalitis, among others. Recent findingsPopulations vulnerable to vaccine-preventable infections that may lead to encephalitis include those living in endemic and rural areas, military members, migrants, refugees, international travelers, younger and older persons, pregnant women, the immunocompromised, outdoor, healthcare and laboratory workers, and the homeless. There is scope for improving the availability and distribution of vaccinations, vaccine equity, surveillance of vaccine-preventable encephalitides, and public education and information.

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Section: Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing vaccine-preventable encephalitis in vulnerable populations

Piamonte

Easton²,

Wood

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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“…The challenge with many of the vaccines in preclinical development is that many of them require the usage of more than one dose of vaccination. Several vaccination doses pose a challenge in underdeveloped countries as there is inadequate resources as well as lack of access to health care facility, and/or personal motivation [128] Accumulating evidence suggest that there exist numerous LF candidate vaccines in preclinical stage of development, although no FDA-approved vaccines is currently in use for human LF treatment. There was emphasis by the 2017 WHO Target Product Profile (TPP) for LF vaccines stating that a high priority for prophylactic vaccines development, optimal candidates should meet acceptable standard for safety/reactogenicity as stipulated by WHO, including being single-dose as well as greater than or equal to 70% efficacy in preventing infection or disease orchestrated by the LASV lineages I-IV.…”

Section: Vaccination As Feasible Control Measures For Lf Curtailmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Of Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant negative effect can be observed using these high dosages of the LASV live-attenuated vaccines [ 147 , 149 ] as was seen in a similar platform for the development of EBOV candidate vaccines [ 150 , 151 ]. The usage of a vaccine that can cause the induction of undesirable effects in an area having poor care infrastructure could constitute a critical hurdle in the implementation of vaccine campaigns in West Africa [ 128 ].…”

Section: Management Of Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combating Lassa Fever in West African Sub-Region: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Aloke

Obasi

Aja

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Lassa fever (LF) is a rodent-borne disease that threatens human health in the sub-region of West Africa where the zoonotic host of Lassa virus (LASV) is predominant. Currently, treatment options for LF are limited and since no preventive vaccine is approved for its infectivity, there is a high mortality rate in endemic areas. This narrative review explores the transmission, pathogenicity of LASV, advances, and challenges of different treatment options. Our findings indicate that genetic diversity among the different strains of LASV and their ability to circumvent the immune system poses a critical challenge to the development of LASV vaccines/therapeutics. Thus, understanding the biochemistry, physiology and genetic polymorphism of LASV, mechanism of evading host immunity are essential for development of effective LASV vaccines/therapeutics to combat this lethal viral disease. The LASV nucleoprotein (NP) is a novel target for therapeutics as it functions significantly in several aspects of the viral life cycle. Consequently, LASV NP inhibitors could be employed as effective therapeutics as they will potentially inhibit LASV replication. Effective preventive control measures, vaccine development, target validation, and repurposing of existing drugs, such as ribavirin, using activity or in silico-based and computational bioinformatics, would aid in the development of novel drugs for LF management.

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“…In addition, more research is needed to better understand the immune response to LASV infection. There are limited data from non-human primate (NHP) models, and a broadly accepted immunologic correlate of protection in humans has yet to be identified [29]. Importantly, most preclinical trials assessing LF vaccine candidates have evaluated immune responses in mice and guinea pigs, but since LASV is a rodent-borne virus, rodents may not be ideal animal models for the evaluation of a potential LF vaccine, as the immune response in mice and guinea pigs may differ from that of humans [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lassa fever vaccine candidates: A scoping review of vaccine clinical trials

Sulis

Peebles

Basta

2023

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective Lassa fever (LF) is caused by a viral pathogen with pandemic potential. LF vaccines have the potential to prevent significant disease in individuals at risk of infection, but no such vaccine has been licensed or authorised for use thus far. We conducted a scoping review to identify and compare registered phase 1, 2 or 3 clinical trials of LF vaccine candidates, and appraise the current trajectory of LF vaccine development. Method We systematically searched 24 trial registries, PubMed, relevant conference abstracts and additional grey literature sources up to 27 October 2022. After extracting key details about each vaccine candidate and each eligible trial, we qualitatively synthesised the evidence. Results We found that four LF vaccine candidates (INO‐4500, MV‐LASV, rVSV∆G‐LASV‐GPC, and EBS‐LASV) have entered the clinical stage of assessment. Five phase 1 trials (all focused on healthy adults) and one phase 2 trial (involving a broader age group from 18 months to 70 years) evaluating one of these vaccines have been registered to date. Here, we describe the characteristics of each vaccine candidate and trial and compare them to WHO's target product profile for Lassa vaccines. Conclusion Though LF vaccine development is still in early stages, current progress towards a safe and effective vaccine is encouraging.

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Understanding Immune Responses to Lassa Virus Infection and to Its Candidate Vaccines

Cited by 8 publications

References 150 publications

Addressing vaccine-preventable encephalitis in vulnerable populations

Addressing vaccine-preventable encephalitis in vulnerable populations

Combating Lassa Fever in West African Sub-Region: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Lassa fever vaccine candidates: A scoping review of vaccine clinical trials

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