Lassa fever vaccine candidates: A scoping review of vaccine clinical trials

Sulis, Giorgia; Peebles, Alexandra; Basta, Nicole E.

doi:10.1111/tmi.13876

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…LF vaccines hold the promise of significantly reducing the disease burden in endemic regions, but none have yet gained authorization for use. Nevertheless, ongoing progress towards a safe and effective vaccine is encouraging, with four vaccine candidates (NO-4500, MV-LASV, rVSVΔG-LASV-GPC, and EBS-LASV) currently in clinical evaluation, and five phase 1 and one phase 2 trials registered [ 26 ]. However, even if a good working vaccine would be available, the remote villages where LASV is endemic may face logistic challenges and vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent control strategies and Lassa virus: some unexpected effects in Guinea, West Africa

Mariën,

Sage,

Bangura

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The Natal multimammate mouse ( Mastomys natalensis ) is the host of Lassa mammarenavirus, causing Lassa haemorrhagic fever in West Africa. As there is currently no operational vaccine and therapeutic drugs are limited, we explored rodent control as an alternative to prevent Lassa virus spillover in Upper Guinea, where the disease is highly endemic in rural areas. In a seven-year experiment, we distributed rodenticides for 10–30 days once a year and, in the last year, added intensive snap trapping for three months in all the houses of one village. We also captured rodents both before and after the intervention period to assess their effectiveness by examining alterations in trapping success and infection rates (Lassa virus RNA and IgG antibodies). We found that both interventions reduced the rodent population by 74–92% but swiftly rebounded to pre-treatment levels, even already six months after the last snap-trapping control. Furthermore, while we observed that chemical control modestly decreased Lassa virus infection rates annually (a reduction of 5% in seroprevalence per year), the intensive trapping unexpectedly led to a significantly higher infection rate (from a seroprevalence of 28% before to 67% after snap trapping control). After seven years, we conclude that annual chemical control, alone or with intensive trapping, is ineffective and sometimes counterproductive in preventing Lassa virus spillover in rural villages. These unexpected findings may result from density-dependent breeding compensation following culling and the survival of a small percentage of chronically infected rodents that may spread the virus to a new susceptible generation of mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%