Understanding grain refinement in aluminium welding

Schempp, Philipp; Rethmeier, Michael

doi:10.1007/s40194-015-0251-2

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The grain structure of the weld metal in the FZ significantly affects its resistance to solidification cracking and mechanical properties [10,11]. Curved columnar grains have been observed in the FZ of aluminum, and other alloys [10,[12][13][14][15]. Equiaxed grains also form and coexist with columnar grains under some welding conditions [10,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of grain orientation during solidification of an aluminum alloy

2016

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The evolution of grain morphology during solidification of a moving aluminum alloy pool is simulated by considering heat transfer, flow of liquid metal in the molten pool and solidification parameters. The computationally efficient model consists of a 3D coupled heat transfer and fluid flow simulation to predict the molten pool shape and temperature field, and a 2D model of grain formation in the molten pool. The results demonstrate that columnar grains grow in a curved pattern rather than along straight lines from the fusion boundary towards the center of the molten pool. The calculated results are validated with independent experimental data. The computed ratio of local temperature gradient to solidification rate, G/R, is used to model the columnar to equiaxed transition during solidification. The simulated results show that only curved columnar grains are formed when the scanning speed is low (2.0 mm/s). In contrast, a transition from curved columnar to equiaxed morphologies occurs at the higher scanning speeds of 8.0 mm/s and 11.5 mm/s, with higher equiaxed grain fraction at higher speed. The similarities between the physical processes governing fusion welding and additive manufacturing (AM) make the model capable of predicting grain orientation in both processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is shown that a model with such simplification can give realistic simulation of the grain morphology and orientation evolution during the solidification process while being computationally tractable. The model is validated with independent experimental data [13][14][15] for grain growth at various scanning speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of grain orientation during solidification of an aluminum alloy

2016

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“…One obvious use case would be to facilitate cooperation between institutes that have extensive experimental capacities, and those that focus on numeric or analytic simulations of welding processes, by providing precise and robust experimental datasets for model validation. Wei et al demonstrated the modeling of grain structure evolution for GTAW of aluminum in [32] where modeling results could be validated based on independent experimental data presented by Schempp et al [33]. In turn, those calibrated models may be used again to better understand and design further experimental work.…”

Section: Advantages Of Using a Common File Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for an Open Science approach to welding process research data

et al. 2021

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The increasing adoption of Open Science principles has been a prevalent topic in the welding science community over the last years. Providing access to welding knowledge in the form of complex and complete datasets in addition to peer-reviewed publications can be identified as an important step to promote knowledge exchange and cooperation. There exist previous efforts on building data models specifically for fusion welding applications; however, a common agreed upon implementation that is used by the community is still lacking. One proven approach in other domains has been the use of an openly accessible and agreed upon file and data format used for archiving and sharing domain knowledge in the form of experimental data. Going into a similar direction, the welding community faces particular practical, technical, and also ideological challenges that are discussed in this paper. Collaboratively building upon previous work with modern tools and platforms, the authors motivate, propose, and outline the use of a common file format specifically tailored to the needs of the welding research community as a complement to other already established Open Science practices. Successfully establishing a culture of openly accessible research data has the potential to significantly stimulate progress in welding research.

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“…Tang et al [43] found that cracking susceptibility of 6082 aluminum alloy decreased with finer grains when the grain dimension exceeded 25 µm. Numerous investigations reveal that grain refinement of weld metal is an effective method for reducing the solidification cracking susceptibility [44][45][46]. Finer grain has a larger area of grain-boundary per unit volume, which produces a lower tensile strain generated by solidification shrinkage [42].…”

Section: Precise Current Adjustment and Excellent Gap Bridging Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Double Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding

Wang

Xue

2017

Applied Sciences

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Aluminum alloy welding suffers from problems such as solidification cracking and hydrogen-induced porosity, which are sufficiently severe to limit its potential applications. Because mitigated porosity incidence and solidification cracking are observed in aluminum welds using double pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW), a comprehensive review of the mechanism is necessary, but absent from the literature. The oscillation of arc force and droplet pressure causes a weld pool stir effect. The expansion and shrinkage of the weld pool cause unusual remelting and resolidification of the previously solidified metal. DP-GMAW has an increased solidification growth rate and cooling rate, compared with conventional pulsed welding at same heat input. Both numerical and experimental results reveal the remarkable concept that refined microstructure in the fusion zone is obtained by using DP-GMAW. The mechanism of microstructural refinement is revealed as a weld pool stir effect and increased cooling rate. Hydrogen bubbles easily float out and then release from the weld pool originated from the weld pool stir effect. Reduced solidification cracking is achieved due to the refined solidification structure that originated from the increased cooling rate. The advantages, evolution process, and future trend of DP-GMAW are discussed.

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Understanding grain refinement in aluminium welding

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

Origin of grain orientation during solidification of an aluminum alloy

Origin of grain orientation during solidification of an aluminum alloy

Recommendations for an Open Science approach to welding process research data

Perspective on Double Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding

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