Understanding Fear of Zika: Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Influences

Yang, Chun Yuh; Dillard, James Price; Li, Ruobing

doi:10.1111/risa.12973

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Considering boundary conditions still seems warranted: community efficacy here was at least marginally significant as an influence on intentions for removal, travel, and post‐travel protection (with household efficacy also significant for all but the last), but not for spraying or safe sex. The latter failure parallels a finding by Yang, Dillard, and Li (): women who knew friends or family who were, or were expecting to become, pregnant did not exhibit higher fear of Zika infection, while their own current or planned pregnancy did heighten fear. The authors speculated that this difference might reflect one's own threats crowding out those to others, but as they had not distinguished fear‐for‐self from fear‐for‐others, they could not rule out other‐relevance effects on fear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Americans’ Views of Voluntary Protective Actions Against Zika Infection: Conceptual and Measurement Issues

Johnson¹

2019

Risk Analysis

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Understanding factors affecting decisions by people to protect themselves, or not, is critical to designing supportive communications. Here, threat, protective-action, and stakeholder perceptions were evaluated for effects on mainland Americans' behavioral intentions regarding Zika in April 2017, as postulated by the Protective Action Decision Model. Although all three perception types (including a novel resource sufficiency measure) affected intentions, these relationships varied widely depending upon the method used to measure adoption of actions (e.g., total count of all behaviors adopted vs. behavior-specific analyses), the behaviors involved, and whether analysis focused on the full sample or only on people who had a reasonable opportunity to enact the behavior or who believed it relevant to their lives. There was a general contrast between mosquito control actions (removal of mosquito breeding areas and pesticide spraying) and travel-related behaviors (avoiding travel to areas of local transmission of the virus, protecting oneself from mosquito bites after potential exposure, and practicing safe sex after potential exposure). Reported action or inaction during the 2016 mosquito season, and stages of behavior change, were both elicited in January-February 2017; both drove intentions in April 2017 for the upcoming season, although direct and indirect effects varied widely. Collectively these findings present theoretical, measurement, and practical implications for understanding, tracking, and promoting voluntary protective actions against hazards. conceptual issues involving a decision model originally developed for earthquakes and hurricanes, and whether its predictors differ across previous stages of behavioral change, and (2) measurement issues involving behavior or behavioral intentions, behavioral facilitation or impedance, and self-reported behavior relevance. BACKGROUND Concepts in Protective Behavior and Study HypothesesThe Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) was developed for probing the role of information in 2694

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Americans’ Views of Voluntary Protective Actions Against Zika Infection: Conceptual and Measurement Issues

Johnson¹

2019

Risk Analysis

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“…As Fig 1 makes plain, Zika was the topic of a great deal of media coverage and search behavior. And our previous research shows that media coverage was complemented by frequent interpersonal discussions of the disease [ 43 ]. Hence, one factor that could recreate fear as the contents of mind is repeated exposure to the threatening concept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulation of emotional responses to Zika: Spiral of fear

Dillard¹,

Yang²,

Li³

2018

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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Fear of infectious disease can create a variety of problems not the least of which is fear itself. An important question is how individuals attempt to manage their fear. The appearance of Zika in the U.S. presented an opportunity to examine this issue in a consequential natural context. Beginning nine days after the W.H.O. declared Zika a world health crisis, two-waves of survey data were collected from women ages 18–35 who were living in the Southern U.S. (N = 561). Most respondents (71%) used one or more emotion regulation strategies and a plurality (41%) utilized multiple strategies. Fear of Zika showed no demonstrable effect on avoidance, reappraisal, or contesting and none of these three strategies were effective at down-regulating fear. Fear and suppression, however, showed a self-reinforcing cycle in which fear increased use of suppression and suppression increased intensity of the fear response. Although the observed associations were small, even modest effects can be consequential when cumulated over time or across large numbers of individuals.

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“…The psychological models adopted for the Zika outbreak in Brazil and Nipah infection in India involved sex education about the viral transmission among partners, social connectedness, and focusing on alternative forms of expressing love and intimacy, while observing physical distancing. [ 25 26 ] This becomes vital as sexual well-being has been linked with positivity, hope, personal growth, and overall health, especially at times of disasters.…”

Section: Pandemics and Sexual Health: Revisiting The “Pestilences”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality, sexual well being, and intimacy during COVID-19 pandemic: An advocacy perspective

Banerjee

Rao

2020

Indian J Psychiatry

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, has emerged as a global public health threat. The implications are much beyond just health crisis, and it has long-lasting psychosocial and economic implications. Although the psychological offshoots such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and sleep disturbances are being studied in-depth, there is a dearth of literature on the sexual well-being and sexual practices during this pandemic. Considering the physical distancing; travel restrictions; the high human–human transmission rate; misinformation and uncertainty about the sexual routes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2; and fear about intimacy, sexuality, and safe sexual practices have increased significantly. This is more prominent in newly settled or distanced couples and the frontline health workers, with increased risk exposure to the virus. For them, guilt and distress associated with sexual relationships might increase primary psychiatric and sexual disorders. This, in turn, impacts relationships and emotional bonding in couples and affects healthy coping during the pandemic crisis. Although sexual abstinence is the safest practice to prevent transmission, it is not practically feasible in all cases. Risk reduction counseling, sex with quarantined partners, and digital sex are other options that are worth exploring. There are additional concerns of digital safety, unhealthy use of technology, cyber-crimes, and online extortion. Keeping this in the background, this advocacy article glances through the effects of past outbreaks on sexuality, reviews the current recommendations, and proposes methods and approaches for sexual well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is vital for overall public health.

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Understanding Fear of Zika: Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Influences

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Americans’ Views of Voluntary Protective Actions Against Zika Infection: Conceptual and Measurement Issues

Americans’ Views of Voluntary Protective Actions Against Zika Infection: Conceptual and Measurement Issues

Self-regulation of emotional responses to Zika: Spiral of fear

Sexuality, sexual well being, and intimacy during COVID-19 pandemic: An advocacy perspective

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