Understanding evaluation of faces on social dimensions

Todorov, Alexander; Said, Chris P.; Engell, Andrew D.; Oosterhof, Nikolaas N.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.10.001

Cited by 563 publications

(566 citation statements)

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“…We are somewhat neutral about making direct recommendations from these findings given that there are both costs and benefits to biases within human decision-making (Johnson et al, 2013;Todorov et al, 2008). Moreover, the possible benefits of reliance on facial features for payment awards for organisations are not yet fully-established in the organisational literature.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…extraversion; reviewed in Todorov et al, 2008), but not others (e.g. competence; reviewed in Todorov et al, 2015), the potential benefits and costs to these judgements for organizations and employees can be considered in unison, as has been proposed in work on the evolution of human decision-making more generally (reviewed in Johnson et al, 2013;Todorov et al, 2008).…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

Fruhen

Watkins

Jones

2015

The Leadership Quarterly

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Positive associations between physical attractiveness and employee reward are well-documented within the organizational literature. Although the impact of facial cues to trustworthiness and dominance on a number of social outcomes has been established outside of the workplace, the extent to which they affect pay at different managerial levels in addition to attractiveness is yet to be investigated. This paper presents research into this issue using a face payment task for shop floor managers (Retail Managers) and senior managers (Heads of Retail Operations). Evaluations indicated that all three facial cues were positively associated with awarded pay at both managerial levels. Moreover, attractiveness had a significantly stronger link with shop-floor managers' than senior managers' pay, whereas perceived trustworthiness and perceived dominance had significantly stronger links with pay for senior managers than shop-floor managers. It further emerged that women were paid more in this experimental task where pay was awarded solely based on facial features and that the facial features were more predictive of women's than men's pay. Awareness of the role of physical cues in pay awards can be considered by organizations to reduce biases in remuneration. FACIAL CUES AND PAY2

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Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

Fruhen

Watkins

Jones

2015

The Leadership Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Richer responsive systems that implement mimicry are rare but can be used (Figure 2G). In contrast, studies of social perception commonly use computer‐generated characters (e.g., Jack & Schyns, 2015; Todorov et al ., 2008) but do not allow participants to have any interaction with the figures they see (Figure 2H). Thus, mainstream psychological studies tend to remain close to the x ‐axis or close to the y ‐axis in the virtual interaction landscape.…”

Section: The Foothills – How To Use Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With virtual characters, it is possible to create infinitely many combinations of social variables and test them against each other. This has proved valuable in the study of social perception (Todorov, Said, Engell, & Oosterhof, 2008) and social interaction (Hale & Hamilton, 2016; Sacheli et al ., 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: The challenges of exploring a new research landscape

Pan

Hamilton²

2018

British J of Psychology

485

325

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As virtual reality (VR) technology and systems become more commercially available and accessible, more and more psychologists are starting to integrate VR as part of their methods. This approach offers major advantages in experimental control, reproducibility, and ecological validity, but also has limitations and hidden pitfalls which may distract the novice user. This study aimed to guide the psychologist into the novel world of VR, reviewing available instrumentation and mapping the landscape of possible systems. We use examples of state‐of‐the‐art research to describe challenges which research is now solving, including embodiment, uncanny valley, simulation sickness, presence, ethics, and experimental design. Finally, we propose that the biggest challenge for the field would be to build a fully interactive virtual human who can pass a VR Turing test – and that this could only be achieved if psychologists, VR technologists, and AI researchers work together.

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“…Because efficient detection of a potential friend or foe is crucial to both interpersonal success and personal well-being, humans have evolved rapid, intuitive, unreflective mechanisms for making such decisions based solely on the physical attributes of their conspecifics (Todorov, Said, Engell, & Oosterhof, 2008;Zebrowitz, Voinescu, & Collins, 1996). Indeed, a growing body of research attests to the impact of facial appearance on perceivers' trustworthiness evaluations and consequent behaviors towards strangers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Look that Binds: Partner-Directed Altruistic Motivation and Biased Perception in Married Couples

et al. 2014

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A trustworthy appearance is regarded as a marker of a globally positive personality and, thus, evokes a host of benevolent responses from perceivers. Nevertheless, it is yet to be determined whether the reverse is also true, that is, whether social targets who evoke unambiguously benign motivations in perceivers are regarded as possessing a more trustworthy appearance (cf. . To this end, elderly long-term married couples completed measures of partnerdirected altruistic motivation, accommodative behaviors, marital satisfaction, and trust in the partner. They also completed a face-processing task involving spousal and stranger faces one year later. Higher motivation to prioritize a spouse's well-being (but none of the other relationship functioning variables assessed) predicted perceiving one's spouse's emotionally neutral face as being more trustworthy-looking. Results are discussed in the context of the reciprocal relationship between higher-order motivational processes and basic perceptual mechanisms in shaping relational climates. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author ManuscriptBecause efficient detection of a potential friend or foe is crucial to both interpersonal success and personal well-being, humans have evolved rapid, intuitive, unreflective mechanisms for making such decisions based solely on the physical attributes of their conspecifics (Todorov, Said, Engell, & Oosterhof, 2008;Zebrowitz, Voinescu, & Collins, 1996). Indeed, a growing body of research attests to the impact of facial appearance on perceivers' trustworthiness evaluations and consequent behaviors towards strangers. For example, in a courtroom-like experimental setting, participants required less evidence to reach a guilty verdict and were more confident in their decision when the supposed defendant had an untrustworthy, rather than trustworthy, appearance (Porter, ten Brinke, & Gustaw, 2010). Likewise, in the context of an economic trust game, participants gave more money to trustworthy, relative to untrustworthy, game partners (independent of the partners' perceived physical attractiveness) -an effect that persisted to some extent even when participants were provided with diagnostic behavioral information regarding their game partners (Rezlescu, Duchaine, Olivola, & Chater, 2012;van't Wout & Sanfey, 2008).Said, Sebe, and Todorov (2009) proposed that perceiving trustworthiness in emotionally neutral faces is supported by emotion recognition systems that extract valence-related information from structural facial characteristics suggestive of emotional expressionsinformation that is subsequently mapped onto socially relevant personality traits. So, for example, faces judged to be the most trustworthy structurally resemble expressions of happiness, whereas faces judged to be the most untrustworthy structurally resemble expressions of anger . Importantly, however, such faces are consciously perceived as being emotionally neutral. Thus, although the emotional arousal in perceivers that results from recruitment of e...

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Understanding evaluation of faces on social dimensions

Cited by 563 publications

References 52 publications

Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: The challenges of exploring a new research landscape

The Look that Binds: Partner-Directed Altruistic Motivation and Biased Perception in Married Couples

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