Understanding Comprehensive Transcriptional Response of Salmonella enterica spp. in Contact with Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

Lee, Hojun; Kim, Seul I; Park, Sojung; Nam, Eunwoo; Yoon, Hyunjin

doi:10.4014/jmb.1806.06018

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Furthermore, expression of several genes associated with Salmonella virulence was upregulated, including sulfurtransferase encoding gene glpE (compared to LM) and the cytoplasmatic membrane protein encoding gene dsbB (in LE compared to MM). Also, expression of fdnI and ogt was upregulated in response to LE (compared to LM), both were associated with the ability of Salmonella to invade host epithelial cells (Lee et al, 2018). Biofilm and curli-associated genes luxS and csgB were highly expressed in response to LE (compared to MM and LM, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

et al. 2019

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Human pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica , are able to colonize crop plants. So far, not much is known about biotic and abiotic factors influencing this colonization in field soil. This understanding, however, is imperative for the provision of safe fresh produce to the consumer. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil type, organic fertilization, plant species and the way of Salmonella entry into the plant production system, on the survival of S. enterica in soil as well as the colonization of plants. The selected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s, S. Typhimurium strain LT2 and S. Senftenberg were able to persist in soil for several weeks. Salmonella’s persistence in soil was prolonged in loamy, if compared to sandy soil, and when applied together with organic fertilizer. The leaves of lettuce and corn salad were colonized by S. enterica providing evidence for internalization from the soil via the root. Colonization rates were affected by soil type, plant species and S. enterica strain. Overall, S. enterica was detected in leaves of 0.5–0.9% of the plants, while lettuce was more frequently colonized than corn salad. Plants grown in sandy soil were more often colonized than plants grown in loamy soil. After spray inoculation, S. enterica could be detected on and in leaves for several weeks by cultivation-depending methods, confirmed by confocal microscopy using GFP-labeled S. Typhimurium 14028s. On the one hand, transcriptome data from S. Typhimurium 14028s assessed in response to lettuce medium or lettuce root exudates showed an upregulation of genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence. On the other hand, lettuce inoculated with S. Typhimurium 14028s showed a strong upregulation of genes associated with plant immune response and genes related to stress response. In summary, these results showed that organic fertilizers can increase the persistence of Salmonella in soil and that soil type and plant species play a crucial role in the interactions between human pathogens and crop plants. This understanding is therefore a starting point for new strategies to provide safe food for the consumer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

et al. 2019

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“…Recent studies have shown that Salmonella mutants defective in T3SSs failed to colonize plant tissues and compromise the plant immune systems [ 5 , 49 ], suggesting an important role of T3SSs in Salmonella adaptation to plant environments. In our previous study, we observed that S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains exposed to (napa) cabbage for 3 h displayed increased transcription of SPI-1 genes [ 50 ]. As stated previously, the S. Virchow FORC_038 strain also presented higher expression levels of genes encoding SPI-1 T3SS in contact with radish greens ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Approach for Understanding the Adaptation of Salmonella enterica to Contaminated Produce

Park

Nam

Kim

et al. 2020

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Contaminated produce has frequently been reported as a source of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide for the past two decades [1]. Because vegetables and fruits are regarded as primary components of healthy nutrition, and are commonly consumed without thermal treatments, the safety of agricultural produce is critical for preventing and controlling associated foodborne diseases. However, food hygiene is challenged by the multifaceted survival strategies of enteric pathogens. Although enteric pathogens have evolved to survive and adapt to the hostile conditions within the gastrointestinal tract of their host species, they are also able to colonize plant surfaces by forming biofilms and thereby persist for long periods, which can subsequently lead to human infections via contaminated farm produce [2, 3]. Salmonella can also penetrate into the interior of plant tissues, exploiting plant stomata and trichomes as entry portals, and persist in the intercellular space [4-6]. Enteric pathogens contaminate soil and irrigation water via infected animal feces and in turn contaminate farm produce, exploiting plants as a vector for transmission between animal hosts [3, 7]. However, the bacterial determinants that enable enteric pathogens to adapt to unfavorable plant environments remain unclear. Therefore, in an effort to unveil the underlying mechanism of bacterial adaptation to plants, we investigated the comprehensive transcriptome of Salmonella enterica in contact with raw radish greens as a model system. Salmonella is a motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped genus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, and one of the top 4 causes of diarrheal diseases that account for 70% of global foodborne diseases, including Escherichia coli, norovirus, Campylobacter, and Salmonella [8]. Salmonellosis commonly causes self-limiting gastroenteritis; however, life-threatening bacteremia, endovascular, and localized infections may occur depending on host health conditions and Salmonella serotypes [9]. The genus Salmonella consists of two species, S. enterica and S. bongori, and contains more than 2,500 different serotypes [9]. While all serotypes can cause diseases in humans, S. enterica serovars, including Typhimurium and Enteritidis, are the most notorious serotypes associated with Salmonella Salmonellosis is a form of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella infection. The main transmission route of salmonellosis has been identified as poorly cooked meat and poultry products contaminated with Salmonella. However, in recent years, the number of outbreaks attributed to contaminated raw produce has increased dramatically. To understand how Salmonella adapts to produce, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow exposed to fresh-cut radish greens. Considering the different Salmonella lifestyles in contact with fresh produce, such as motile and sessile lifestyles, total RNA was extracted from planktonic and epiphytic cells separately. Transcriptomic analysis of S. Virchow cells revealed different transcription...

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“…Single-cell transcriptomics is the latest omics approach to unravel the dynamics of cellular reconstruction by measuring the concentration of mRNA to thousands of genes in each cell, which can be applied in the study of gastrointestinal pathogens [ 150 ]. Transcriptomics analysis using Serial Analysis and Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE/CAGE), and microarrays also have been used to identify the present of nadA in detection of Salmonella enterica [ 151 , 152 , 153 ] and EHEC EDL933 in detection of Escherichia coli [ 154 ].…”

Section: Omics-based Technologies For Age Diagnosis and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis: The Causative Agents, Omics-Based Detection of Antigens and Novel Biomarkers

et al. 2021

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Acute infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) is among the leading causes of mortality in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. There are many causative agents that lead to this infection, with rotavirus being the commonest pathogen in the past decade. However, this trend is now being progressively replaced by another agent, which is the norovirus. Apart from the viruses, bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli and parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica also contribute to AGE. These agents can be recognised by their respective biological markers, which are mainly the specific antigens or genes to determine the causative pathogen. In conjunction to that, omics technologies are currently providing crucial insights into the diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis at the molecular level. Recent advancement in omics technologies could be an important tool to further elucidate the potential causative agents for AGE. This review will explore the current available biomarkers and antigens available for the diagnosis and management of the different causative agents of AGE. Despite the high-priced multi-omics approaches, the idea for utilization of these technologies is to allow more robust discovery of novel antigens and biomarkers related to management AGE, which eventually can be developed using easier and cheaper detection methods for future clinical setting. Thus, prediction of prognosis, virulence and drug susceptibility for active infections can be obtained. Case management, risk prediction for hospital-acquired infections, outbreak detection, and antimicrobial accountability are aimed for further improvement by integrating these capabilities into a new clinical workflow.

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Understanding Comprehensive Transcriptional Response of Salmonella enterica spp. in Contact with Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

Transcriptomic Approach for Understanding the Adaptation of Salmonella enterica to Contaminated Produce

Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis: The Causative Agents, Omics-Based Detection of Antigens and Novel Biomarkers

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