Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

Jechalke, Sven; Schierstaedt, Jasper; Becker, Marlies; Flemer, Burkhardt; Grosch, Rita; Smalla, Kornelia; Schikora, Adam

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00967

Cited by 100 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

117

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soil depends on the acidity and the present microbiota (Locatelli et al, 2013). The soil type, root exudates and organic fertilizer might also influence the persistence of pathogens in soil (Berg and Smalla, 2009;Locatelli et al, 2013;Schlaeppi et al, 2014;Jechalke et al, 2019). However, the relationship between the biotic diversity and biotic resistance towards invading organisms, is not fully understood; it seems that environments with high biological diversity have narrower niches and/or might have a higher chance to harbour natural antagonists and competitors (Chapin III et al, 2000;Loreau and Hector, 2001;Mallon et al, 2015;Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms

Schierstaedt

Jechalke

Nesme

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Fresh fruits and vegetables have numerous benefits to human health. Unfortunately, their consumption is increasingly associated with food‐borne diseases, Salmonella enterica being their most frequent cause in Europe. Agricultural soils were postulated as reservoir of human pathogens, contributing to the contamination of crops during the growing period. Since the competition with the indigenous soil microbiota for colonization sites plays a major role in the success of invading species, we hypothesized that reduced diversity will enhance the chance of Salmonella to successfully establish in agricultural environments. We demonstrated that the abundance of Salmonella drastically decreased in soil with highly diverse indigenous prokaryotic community, while in soil with reduced prokaryotic diversity, Salmonella persisted for a long period. Furthermore, in communities with low diversity, Salmonella had an impact on the abundance of other taxa. The high physiological plasticity allows Salmonella to use agricultural soils as alternative habitat which might provide a route of animal/human infections. In addition, adjusted transcriptional profile with amino acid biosynthesis and the glyoxylate cycle most prominently regulated, suggests an adaptation to the soil environment. Our results underline the importance of the maintenance of diverse soil microbiome as a part of strategy aiming at reduced risk of food‐borne salmonellosis outbreaks.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms

Schierstaedt

Jechalke

Nesme

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various databases such as GEO, SalCom, and others (6, 29, 30) were used to identify potential environmental stimuli that induce expression of STM adhesins. However, these analyses only revealed defined culture conditions leading to expression of 3 (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in attachment levels to various salad species were further investigated for S. en terica serovar Typhimurium (STM). Adhesion of STM to lettuce leaves occurred in higher numbers compared to corn salad leaves, moreover persistence in planta was longer for lettuce than for corn salad (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors required for adhesion ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium to lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Hensel

Elpers

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis. Recent outbreaks of infections by STM are often associated with non-animal related food, i.e. vegetables, fruits, herbs, sprouts and nuts. One main problem related to consumption of fresh produce is the minimal processing, especially for leafy salads such as corn salad, rocket salad, or lettuce. In this study, we focused on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) which is contaminated by STM at higher rates compared to corn salad, resulting in prolonged persistence. We previously described the contribution of Saf fimbriae, type 1 secretion system (T1SS)-secreted BapA, intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility to adhesion to corn salad leaves. We systematically analyzed factors contributing to adhesion of STM to lettuce leaves. We used the previously established reductionist, synthetic approach to identify factors that contribute to the surface binding of STM to leaves of lettuce by expressing all known adhesive structure by the Tet-on system. The analyses revealed contributions of Lpf fimbriae, Sti fimbriae, autotransported adhesin MisL, T1SS-secreted BapA, intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility to adhesion of STM to lettuce leaves. In addition, we identified BapA is a potential adhesin involved in binding to corn salad and lettuce leaf surfaces.ImportanceGastrointestinal pathogens can be transmitted by animal products, as well as by fresh produce of non-animal origin. The numbers of outbreaks by fresh produce contaminated with gastrointestinal pathogens are increasing, and underline the relevance to human health. The mechanisms involved in the colonization of, persistence on, and transmission by fresh produce are poorly understood and have to be part of further research. Here, we investigated the contribution of adhesive factors of STM in the initial phase of plant colonization, i.e. the binding to the plant surface. Usage of a reductionist, synthetic approach including the controlled surface expression of specific adhesive structures of STM, one at a time, allowed the determination of relevant fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide, the flagella, and chemotaxis to binding to lettuce leaves.

show abstract

“…S. enterica may adhere to leaves and roots, colonize the plant, and further internalize into the plant tissue. Once inside the plant, S. enterica potentially replicate and persist (7, 8). Endophytic colonization by Salmonella cannot be removed by surface washing, and bacteria will thus be ingested if food is consumed after minimal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated the adhesion of S. enterica serovars to various species of salad (7, 11–18) with focus on individual adhesion factors. These studies revealed the involvement of flagella and motility as well as further virulence-associated genes in adhesion to salad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analyses of factors required for adhesion ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium to corn salad (Valerianella locusta)

Elpers

Kretzschmar

Nuccio

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

27Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen leading to gastroenteritis and is commonly 28 acquired by consumption of contaminated food of animal origin. However, numbers of 29 outbreaks linked to the consumption of fresh or minimally processed food of non-animal origin 30 are increasing. New infection routes of S. enterica by vegetables, fruits, nuts and herbs have to 31 be considered. This leads to special interest in S. enterica interactions with leafy products, e.g. 32 salads, that are consumed unprocessed. The attachment of S. enterica to salad is a crucial step 33 in contamination, but little is known about the bacterial factors required and mechanisms of 34 adhesion. S. enterica possesses a complex set of adhesive structures whose functions are only 35 partly understood. Potentially, S. enterica may deploy multiple adhesive strategies for adhering 36 to various salad species, and other vegetables. Here, we systematically analyzed the 37 contribution of the complete adhesiome, of LPS, and of flagella-mediated motility of S. enterica 38 serovar Typhimurium (STM) in adhesion to corn salad. We deployed a reductionist, synthetic 39 approach to identify factors involved in the surface binding of STM to leaves of corn salad with 40 particular regard to the expression of all known adhesive structures using the Tet-on system. 41 This work reveals the contribution of Saf fimbriae, type 1 secretion system-secreted BapA, an 42 intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility of STM in adhesion to corn salad leaves. 43 44 Importance 45 Human gastrointestinal pathogens are often transmitted by animal products, but recent 46 outbreaks show increasing importance of vegetables as source of infection by pathogenic E. 47 coli or Salmonella enterica. The mechanisms of binding of S. enterica to vegetables such as 48 salad are only poorly understood. We established an experimental model system to 49 systematically investigate the role of adhesive structures of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 50 in binding to corn salad leaves. The contributions of all members of the complex adhesiome, 51 24.11.2019S. Typhimurium adhesion to corn salad 3 flagella, and O-antigen were evaluated. We identified that Saf fimbriae, type 1 secretion system-52 secreted BapA, an intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility contribute to adhesion of 53 Salmonella to corn salad leaves. These results will enable future investigations on factors 54 contributing to contamination of vegetables under agricultural conditions. 55 56 24.11.2019 S. Typhimurium adhesion to corn salad Furthermore, SR11 ∆12 strains with additional deletions of single adhesive structures showed 131 no altered levels of adhesion compared to SR11 ∆12, except for deletion of Salmonella 132 157

show abstract

Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species

Cited by 100 publications

References 67 publications

Salmonella persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms

Salmonella persistence in soil depends on reciprocal interactions with indigenous microorganisms

Factors required for adhesion ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium to lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Systematic analyses of factors required for adhesion ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium to corn salad (Valerianella locusta)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About