Understanding Cachexia in Head and Neck Cancer

Muthanandam, Sivaramakrishnan; Muthu, Jananni

doi:10.4103/apjon.apjon-2145

Cited by 14 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…For example, radiation-induced fatigue is known to be associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, both of which are elevated in cachexia patients. 27 These factors have also been associated with oral mucositis in animal models. 28 TGF-β is another factor that is elevated in cachexia patients 29 and has been shown to mediate radiation-induced damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R–CSS: A clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in patients with cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Wang

Liang

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R–CSS: A clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in patients with cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Wang

Liang

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

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“…The nutritional status of patients with HNC has a significant impact on their prognosis [ 40 ]. Malnutrition and progressive cachexia are common problems in cancer patients [ 41 ]. Patients with HNC are at particular risk of malnutrition due to the location of the cancer and local-treatment-related toxicity [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Nutritional Status of Polish Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy

Pytel

Zielińska²,

Staś

et al. 2023

JCM

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Introduction. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a global epidemiological and clinical problem. In 2020, it was the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide. In 2019, HNC was the fourth most common cause of cancer death among men in Poland. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with HNC at all clinical stages. However, it is associated with a significant rate of early and late adverse effects. As head and neck cancers are located close to vital anatomical structures, both the local progression of the disease and the treatments used can cause serious problems for patients with HNC, reducing their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as increasing the risk of depressive disorders. Despite this, the current literature lacks research on these aspects of the therapeutic process in the Polish population. The aim of this study was to assess the early impact of radiotherapy on HRQoL outcomes, psychological distress, nutritional status, and overall performance of patients with HNC. Methods. The study was carried out among 85 patients with HNC treated in the Inpatient Radiotherapy Unit of the Radiotherapy Department of the Lower Silesian Oncology Center in Wrocław. The patients were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the EORTC QLQ-H&N35, the BDI, the NRS-2002, and the ECOG scale, at two time points: before the initiation of radiotherapy treatment and after a course of radiotherapy. The period between the assessments was 7 to 8 weeks. Results. Our findings demonstrated a negative impact of radiotherapy on scores in all the cancer-specific symptom and functioning scales used in the study. As regards functioning scales, the largest differences were observed for senses and swallowing, whereas with symptoms scales, the largest differences were noted for “sticky saliva” and “dry mouth”. Over half of the patients included in the study required nutritional support after radiotherapy treatment. We found statistically significant differences in the levels of depressive symptom severity before and after radiotherapy treatment. Conclusion. The present study showed significant changes in the physical and psychological functioning and nutritional status of the patients with HNC studied after radiotherapy treatment, which may have an impact on the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

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“…It is noteworthy that adipose tissue can synthesize factors that instigate systemic inflammation, such as TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and that an excessive secretion of these elements may catalyze lipolysis. 28 Concurrently, skeletal muscle depletion emerges as a salient characteristic within tumor-related malnutrition (cancer cachexia). 19 This is principally attributable to the concomitant reduction in protein synthesis and amplification of protein catabolism, culminating in the loss of muscular tissue in afflicted patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer in China: Findings from the Delphi method

Shang,

Dong,

Huang

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundIn China, individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer are confronted with an elevated risk of nutritional inadequacy or malnutrition throughout the course of their disease, a condition that contributes to various adverse clinical outcomes. A vast corpus of data are burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, primarily due to the revolutionary growth of digitalization technologies and artificial intelligence, notably within the domains of health care and medicine. The purpose of this investigation is to initiate the development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator framework for patients with esophageal cancer within the Chinese context. We seek to furnish an instrumental reference to facilitate preparations for the forthcoming era of advanced, “deep,” evidence‐based medicine.MethodsAn integrative methodology was employed to forge the preliminary draft of the nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer. This encompassed a rigorous literature survey, in‐depth clinical practice investigation, and the facilitation of expert panel discussions. Thereafter, two iterative consultation phases were conducted using the Delphi method in China. The analytic hierarchy process was deployed to ascertain the weighting of each index within the definitive evaluation indicator system.ResultsThe effective response rates for the dual rounds of expert consultation were 91.7% and 86.4%, with commensurate authority coefficients of 0.97 and 0.91. The Kendall harmony coefficients were ascertained to be 0.19 and 0.14 (p < 0.01), respectively. The culminating nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer comprised 5 primary‐level indicators and 38 secondary‐level indicators.ConclusionsThe nutritional screening and assessment indicator system contrived for patients with esophageal cancer is underpinned by cogent theoretical principles, leverages an astute research methodology, and manifests dependable outcomes. This system may be appositely utilized as a meaningful reference for the nutritional screening and assessment process in patients afflicted with esophageal cancer.

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Understanding Cachexia in Head and Neck Cancer

Cited by 14 publications

References 122 publications

R–CSS: A clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in patients with cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy

R–CSS: A clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in patients with cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Nutritional Status of Polish Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy

Development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer in China: Findings from the Delphi method

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