Under threat but engaged: Stereotype threat leads women to engage with female but not male partners in math

Thorson, Katherine R.; Forbes, Chad E.; Magerman, Adam B.; West, Tessa V.

doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.03.012

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Given prior work showing that physiological linkage of ANS responses tends to occur under conditions when people should be most attentive to one another (Marci & Orr, 2006; Thorson, Forbes, Magerman, & West, 2019; West et al, 2017), we believe this pattern occurs because successful persuaders are engaging in behaviors that grab the attention of other group members and are associated with successful persuasion—for example, perhaps they are making more convincing arguments or using more sophisticated language. We attempted to uncover several of these behaviors (see the supplemental material).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influencing the physiology and decisions of groups: Physiological linkage during group decision-making

Thorson

Dumitru

Mendes

et al. 2019

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Many of the most important decisions in our society are made within groups, yet we know little about how the physiological responses of group members predict the decisions that groups make. In the current work, we examine whether physiological linkage from "senders" to "receivers"-which occurs when a sender's physiological response predicts a receiver's physiological response-is associated with senders' success at persuading the group to make a decision in their favor. We also examine whether experimentallymanipulated status-an important predictor of social behavior-is associated with physiological linkage. In groups of five, we randomly assigned one person to be high-status, one low-status, and three middle-status. Groups completed a collaborative decision-making task that required them to come to a consensus on a decision to hire one of five firms. Unbeknownst to the three middle status members, high-and low-status members surreptitiously were told to each argue for different firms. We measured cardiac interbeat intervals of all group members throughout the decision-making process to assess physiological linkage. We found that the more receivers were physiologically linked to senders, the more likely groups were to make a decision in favor of the senders. We did not find that people were physiologically linked to their group members as a function of their group members' status. This work identifies physiological linkage as a novel correlate of persuasion and highlights the need to understand the PHYSIOLOGICAL LINKAGE DURING GROUP DECISION-MAKING 3 relationship between group members' physiological responses during group decision-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influencing the physiology and decisions of groups: Physiological linkage during group decision-making

Thorson

Dumitru

Mendes

et al. 2019

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We found that the physiological responses of persuasive group members were predicted by the responses of their fellow group members and not the other way around. Several studies suggest that physiological linkage can occur when people are attuned to others’ psychological states ( Marci and Orr, 2006 ; West et al , 2017 ; Thorson et al , 2019b ), and we have theorized that receivers become ‘linked’ to senders when they are attentive to cues that the sender expresses and which are tied to the sender’s physiological response. Thus, our findings align with research showing that people may be more likely to successfully persuade others if they pay attention to them, understand their preferences, and adjust their own behavior accordingly ( Atwater and Yammarino, 1997 ; Sosik et al , 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We processed the data in 30-second intervals using Mindware’s heart rate variability software (HRV 3.0.25, Mindware Technologies, Gahanna, OH), which identified the R-point of each heartbeat on the ECG waveform. We chose intervals of 30 seconds because they are long enough to capture changes in IBI due to psychological experiences and because, in our experience, they tend to capture linkage that occurs during the natural back-and-forths and exchanges that occur in conversations ( Thorson et al , 2019b ; Waters et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate linkage scores from reactivity scores, we estimated a regression model for each person in each dyad (see equation ( 1 ) and Table 1 ), predicting the receiver’s (person i ’s) reactivity score at time interval T from the partner’s (the sender’s) reactivity score at time interval T-1 and the receiver’s own reactivity score at time interval T-1. We adjusted for stability—receivers’ own prior physiology—when calculating linkage, based on the approach outlined in Thorson et al (2018 , 2019 ). We marked as missing linkage estimates that were more extreme than three s.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological linkage among successful high-status women in international teams

Thorson

Dumitru

West

2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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In contemporary society, decisions are often made by teams whose members represent different nationalities and genders. In the current work, participants from 55 countries formed groups of three to four people to select one of five firms in a mock firm search. In all groups, one woman was randomly assigned to have higher status than her groupmates; she was also surreptitiously instructed to persuade her group to select one (randomly-assigned) firm. We measured cardiac interbeat intervals for participants throughout the decision-making process to assess physiological linkage—the degree to which a “sender’s” physiological response predicts a “receiver’s” physiological response at a subsequent time interval. On average, high-status women were successful at persuasion. The physiological responses of successful high-status women were also predicted by the responses of their female groupmates: stronger linkage to female group members during the task was associated with success at persuading the group. Successful high-status women were also perceived as more persuasive than others in the group. This work shows that the link between status and successful persuasion generalizes to women among heterogeneous international teams. It also suggests that attention to others—often associated with physiological linkage—may be useful in persuading others during decision-making.

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“…Additional methodological and analytic details can be found in the supplemental material (SM: https://osf.io/egqvk/). Methodological details and study materials for individual studies can be found in the following locations: Thorson, Forbes, Magerman, and West () (Studies 1 through 4; https://osf.io/gpw4j/) and the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/egqvk/ for Studies 5, 6, 7, and 9; https://osf.io/xu6ep/ for Study 8).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the uncontrolled: Are there incidental experimenter effects on physiologic responding?

2019

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The degree to which experimenters shape participant behavior has long been of interest in experimental social science research. Here, we extend this question to the domain of peripheral psychophysiology, where experimenters often have direct, physical contact with participants, yet researchers do not consistently test for their influence. We describe analytic tools for examining experimenter effects in peripheral physiology. Using these tools, we investigate nine data sets totaling 1,341 participants and 160 experimenters across different roles (e.g., lead research assistants, evaluators, confederates) to demonstrate how researchers can test for experimenter effects in participant autonomic nervous system activity during baseline recordings and reactivity to study tasks. Our results showed (a) little to no significant variance in participants' physiological reactivity due to their experimenters, and (b) little to no evidence that three characteristics of experimenters that are well known to shape interpersonal interactions-status (using five studies with 682 total participants), gender (using two studies with 359 total participants), and race (in two studies with 554 total participants)-influenced participants' physiology. We highlight several reasons that experimenter effects in physiological data are still cause for concern, including the fact that experimenters in these studies were already restricted on a number of characteristics (e.g., age, education). We present recommendations for examining and reducing experimenter effects in physiological data and discuss implications for replication. K E Y W O R D Sautonomic nervous system, experimenter effects, multilevel modeling, psychophysiology, replication 2 of 18 | THORSON eT al.

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Under threat but engaged: Stereotype threat leads women to engage with female but not male partners in math

Cited by 18 publications

References 88 publications

Influencing the physiology and decisions of groups: Physiological linkage during group decision-making

Influencing the physiology and decisions of groups: Physiological linkage during group decision-making

Physiological linkage among successful high-status women in international teams

Controlling the uncontrolled: Are there incidental experimenter effects on physiologic responding?

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