Abstract:Unlocking the potential of personalized medicine in point‐of‐care settings requires a new generation of biomarker and proteomic assays. Ideally, assays could inexpensively perform hundreds of quantitative protein measurements in parallel at the bedsides of patients. This goal greatly exceeds current capabilities. Furthermore, biomarker assays are often challenging to translate from benchtop to clinic due to difficulties achieving and assessing the necessary selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. To add… Show more
“…In this work, the immunorecognition process was performed in an Eppendorf tube to avoid interference with the electrode interface. Additionally, PEGylated immunomagnetic beads formed a hydrated layer on the surface to resist the adhesion of nonspecific proteins. , Typically, routine immunorecognition processes demand a lengthy incubation period (>2 h), resulting in slow detection. − Therefore, a vortex mixer was employed to assist this process and dramatically accelerated the kinetics of movement and binding between antibodies and antigens. By optimizing the incubation time between antigens and the immunoprobe, the sandwich-structure of immunocomplex (Fe 3 O 4 /Ab 1 /PEG@antigen@SiO 2 /Ab 2 /3-ABA) was formed within 10 min.…”
“…In this work, the immunorecognition process was performed in an Eppendorf tube to avoid interference with the electrode interface. Additionally, PEGylated immunomagnetic beads formed a hydrated layer on the surface to resist the adhesion of nonspecific proteins. , Typically, routine immunorecognition processes demand a lengthy incubation period (>2 h), resulting in slow detection. − Therefore, a vortex mixer was employed to assist this process and dramatically accelerated the kinetics of movement and binding between antibodies and antigens. By optimizing the incubation time between antigens and the immunoprobe, the sandwich-structure of immunocomplex (Fe 3 O 4 /Ab 1 /PEG@antigen@SiO 2 /Ab 2 /3-ABA) was formed within 10 min.…”
“…The general process of testing was as follows. The SAV-HRP conjugate was first diluted (1:1000) in 5× ChonBlock (Chondrex Inc.), as per a previous study . The conjugate was either entrapped in the PAAm/Alg-Ca 2+ hydrogel precursor when cured by UV or entrapped in the Alg-Ca 2+ as a separate hydrogel layer cured on top of the preformed PAAm/Alg-Ca 2+ hydrogel array.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After each assay was completed, the insert was removed from the tube and placed in a PULUZ photo light box with constant top-down light for imaging. The images were converted into the grayscale mode with light-dark inversion, as in our previous methodology …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have previously established the vortex fluidic device (VFD)-accelerated immunoblot assay using a nitrocellulose membrane with a 10-fold acceleration in assay efficiency. 4 While this improves the cost-efficacy, further improvement is required because (i) the immunoblot nitrocellulose remains fragile and expensive, (ii) the spots only use a small amount of membrane area, which can add cost and waste, and (iii) the standard VFDs are cumbersome and not ideal for quick or onsite detection. Our previous works have also indicated that VFD is capable of facilitating affinity binding 5 in driving reactions in a hydrogel environment, 6 to develop hydrogel arrays as a high-throughput pathway to improve assay efficiency.…”
Hydrogels have been widely used to entrap biomolecules for various biocatalytic reactions. However, solute diffusion in these matrices to initiate such reactions can be a very slow process. Conventional mixing remains a challenge as it can cause irreversible distortion or fragmentation of the hydrogel itself. To overcome the diffusion-limit, a shear-stress-mediated platform named the portable vortex-fluidic device (P-VFD) is developed. P-VFD is a portable platform which consists of two main components, (i) a plasma oxazoline-coated polyvinyl chloride (POx-PVC) film with polyacrylamide and alginate (PAAm/Alg-Ca 2+ ) tough hydrogel covalently bound to its surface and (ii) a reactor tube (L × D: 90 mm × 20 mm) where the aforementioned POx-PVC film could be readily inserted for reactions. Through a spotting machine, the PAAm/Alg-Ca 2+ hydrogel can be readily printed on a POx-PVC film in an array pattern and up to 25.4 J/m 2 adhesion energy can be achieved. The hydrogel arrays on the film not only offer a strong matrix for entrapping biomolecules such as streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase but are also shear stress-tolerant in the reactor tube, enabling a >6-fold increase in its reaction rate after adding tetramethylbenzidine, relative to incubation. Through using the tough hydrogel and its stably bonded substrate, this portable platform effectively overcomes the diffusion-limit and achieves fast assay detection without causing appreciable hydrogel array deformation or dislocation on the substrate film.
“…Raston and coworkers have developed the field of VFDs and widely expanded their applications in diverse areas (Figure 11). [94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] In this section, recent contributions involving immobilization of catalytic units on tube walls via supports are selected and discussed (Figure 11c).…”
Section: Fabrication Of Catalytic Supports In Vortex Fluidic Devicesmentioning
The rapid development of continuous flow processes is driving innovations in various chemical syntheses and industrial productions. Immobilizing catalysts in flow reactors allows transformations with high-efficiency and excludes the subsequent separation procedures. This concept outlines the approaches to incorporate catalysts within flow reactors, with particular focus on the application of additional supports including inorganic materials like silica, zeolite and reduced graphene oxide, polymeric materials like polymer packings, monoliths, cross-linked gels and polymer brushes, and other materials for specific conditions like transparent glass fibers and glass beads. Furthermore, advanced methods to develop ordered micro-/nanoarrays from internal walls of flow channels for immobilization of catalysts as well as application of innovative vortex fluidic devices are discussed to inspire new designs of supports for novel fluidic reactors with broad applications.
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