Uncivility, racism, and populism: Discourses and interactive practices in anti- &amp; post-democratic communication

Krzyżanowski, Michał; Ekman, Mattias; Nilsson, Per-Erik; Gardell, Mattias; Christensen, Christian

doi:10.2478/nor-2021-0003

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Ruth Wodak has been at the forefront of the study of what she termed the 'politics of fear' and 'Haiderization of Europe', named after the former leader of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPO) in the 1990s as his ascension marked 'the threshold when right-wing populist parties started to become acceptable'. 23 While these studies have proved critical to our understanding of the shifting position of the far right, the overwhelming focus in the literature on far-right parties means that mainstreaming may be commonly perceived as a unidirectional process in which the far right evolves to move closer to the mainstream. We can therefore see how this conception may lead to the ossification of the 'mainstream', with others moving towards or further from it, while it remains in stasis.…”

Section: A Linear View Of Mainstreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 In particular, work which accounts for the role of the mainstream itself in shifting discourse is critical because it begins to challenge the essentialized notion of the mainstream as good and moderate. 30 However, these contributions often remain marginal and limited in scope compared to the volume of studies focusing on the far right itself, and some of these accounts continue to place the mainstream in a position of follower, as simply reacting to an electoral threat.…”

Section: A Linear View Of Mainstreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The far right, the mainstream and mainstreaming: towards a heuristic framework

Brown¹,

Mondon²,

Winter

2021

Journal of Political Ideologies

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The study of far-right parties and politics is one of the most high-profile research areas in political science and related disciplines. Far-right parties have been the subject of vast amounts of varied scholarship since their turn-of-the-century resurgence. However, as the far right has become a mainstay, with Brexit and the election of Donald Trump in 2016 blurring the boundaries between mainstream and far-right politics, it has become crucial to pay attention to the process of mainstreaming. Beyond a focus on far-right electoral success, studies of mainstreaming, as well as a critical account of the concept and role of the 'mainstream', have proved elusive. This article provides a heuristic framework to understand these concepts and the mainstreaming of the far right. Key to our approach is a more holistic analysis, extending beyond traditional approaches which focus mostly on the electoral outcomes of far-right parties, positioning the mainstream as a relatively inert target or bulwark against them. To achieve this, we seek to reframe the focus towards the centrality of discourse both in the process, and as an outcome, of mainstreaming. Only by doing so can we account for the significant role played by the mainstream in this process.Discussion and debate about the far right, its rise, origins and impact have become ubiquitous in academic research, political strategy and media coverage in recent years. One of the issues increasingly underpinning such discussions is the relationship between the far right and the mainstream, and more specifically, the mainstreaming of the far right. 1 This is particularly clear around elections when attention turns to the electoral performance of these parties. When they fare as well as predicted, catastrophic headlines simplify and hype what is usually a complex situation, ignoring key factors which shape electoral outcomes and inflate far-right results, such as trends in abstention and distrust towards mainstream politics. 2 When these parties do not perform as well as predicted, the circus moves on to the next election and the hype starts afresh, often playing a role in the framing of, and potentially influencing, the process. This trend is not entirely new, 3 and there is no denying that far-right parties and politics have played a significant role in shaping the current political landscape in Europe. Some strong electoral performances attest to this: most recently, the Lega and Austrian Freedom Party formed part of coalition governments in Italy and Austria (if only briefly),

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Section: A Linear View Of Mainstreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Linear View Of Mainstreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The far right, the mainstream and mainstreaming: towards a heuristic framework

Brown¹,

Mondon²,

Winter

2021

Journal of Political Ideologies

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“…This trend reconciles with increases in the political activism of right-wing and fundamentalist religious extremist groups (Neace, 2016;Sinner, 2015) that have been popularizing hate speech and practices, as well the Nazi (Gertz, 2008) and Fascist ideologies (Maynard, 2014), with political interference in the results of recent elections. A similar process of political changes has been observed in Europe and USA (Krzyżanowski et al, 2021). In Brazil, this process also originated historically, at first from slavery and colonization, then through the abolition that substituted slavery with the "bestialization" of Africans and their des-…”

Section: Explicit and Subtle Racism Sexism And Social Classmentioning

confidence: 54%

Race, Gender, and Social Class Discrimination in Intersection with Political Identification in Rio de Janeiro

Gomes¹

2022

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“…Of those many tendencies in research on the far right populism of late, especially one trend looking into so-called ‘mainstreaming’ (Hainsworth, 2000; Mondon and Winter, 2020; Odmalm and Hepburn, 2017; Rydgren and van der Meiden, 2019) or ‘normalization’ (Kallis, 2021; Krzyżanowski, 2018a, 2018b; Krzyżanowski et al, 2021; Krzyżanowski et al, 2022; Krzyżanowski, 2020a, 2020b; Mudde, 2019; Wodak, 2020) of the far right has clearly been standing out for a number of reasons. Notably, rather than explaining – as has usually been the case in ‘populism’ studies looking at where the far-right comes from or how it is comparatively similar or different in various contexts – work on its normalization/mainstreaming has aimed to address the huge complexity of the historical and contemporary global/regional/local conditioning of the far right’s growing acceptance in European and global societies and political spheres of the early 21st century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we particularly side with recent work by, for example, Krzyżanowski (2018a, 2020b) or Mondon and Winter (2020) which argued that from the second half of the 2010s onwards we have seen an important new stage in the mainstreaming process due to both their growing depth of impact on society but also their increasing breadth in terms of the number social fields affected by transformation towards far-right-based perceptions of policies and intergroup relations. Accordingly, calls were made to look into the normalization/mainstreaming processes from a much wider perspective than before, and while not only considering actions of mainstream actors - such as the aforementioned politicians, but also widely conceived media, and even academics and intellectuals far-right ideas and ideologies – but also while looking equally scrupulously on the secondary spheres of recontextualization and re/mediation of the far-right ideological catalogue in social and online media, or, in the very significant area of the (online and offline) ‘uncivil society’ (Krzyżanowski and Ledin, 2017; Krzyżanowski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The normalization of far-right populism and nativist authoritarianism: discursive practices in media, journalism and the wider public sphere/s

Krzyżanowski

Ekström

2022

Discourse & Society

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This article postulates broadening as well as deepening the agenda for critical research on the role of discursive practices in media, journalism and the wider public sphere/s in normalization of far-right populism and nativist authoritarianism. Our argument is that, on the rise since the early 2000s and especially from the 2010s onwards, authoritarian and nativist populism has posed some very significant challenges to contemporary media and journalism. This has made necessary the calls for in-depth, critical discussions about the norms and practices of journalism as well as for the systematic analyses of the sometimes obviously active role that news and opinion discourse have played in normalizing the nativist as well as radically-nationalist and authoritarian status quo. Through a set of empirically-based studies which outline how media carry as well as normalize far-right political and other discourse and ideology, but also how they become the tool and the target of far-right politics, we show that the entanglement between far-right ideas and actions on the one hand, and media and journalism on the other, has become ever stronger as well as ever more complex. At the same time, we also point to the practices in the wider public spheres where, inter alia, the pervasive presence of alternative far-right media and uncivil society and its news sources has posed wider and indeed numerous challenges. These have become evident in the ongoing radicalization of both online/offline media and journalism and of wider public opinion and imagination wherein the normalization of undermining of values and norms of liberal democracy has become increasingly prevalent and widespread.

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Uncivility, racism, and populism: Discourses and interactive practices in anti- & post-democratic communication

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

The far right, the mainstream and mainstreaming: towards a heuristic framework

The far right, the mainstream and mainstreaming: towards a heuristic framework

Race, Gender, and Social Class Discrimination in Intersection with Political Identification in Rio de Janeiro

The normalization of far-right populism and nativist authoritarianism: discursive practices in media, journalism and the wider public sphere/s

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