Uncertainty-based comparison of conventional and surface topography-based methods for wear volume evaluation in pin-on-disc tribological test

Maculotti, Giacomo; Goti, Edoardo; Genta, Gianfranco; Mazza, Luigi; Galetto, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107260

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These findings indicated the Nb 2 O 5 thin films deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V surfaces through reactive sputtering technique act as a protective barrier by improving the wear properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Although the results presented here are extremely encouraging, it is important to remember that numerous factors can influence the final wear volume, such as: characteristics of the studied material, element geometries, surface topographies, mechanical, physical, and chemical aspects, atmosphere, roughness, contact area, applied load as well as temperature of the tribological system [15][16][17].…”

Section: Micro-abrasive Wear Testsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development of a Low-Cost Ball-on-Flat Linear Reciprocating Apparatus: Test Validation Using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/Nb2O5 Coatings

Silva

Ferreira

Nascimento

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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This work aims to propose the development of a low-cost ball-on-flat linear reciprocating apparatus that can have the same attributes of extremely expensive equipment available on the market. For this purpose, the device was constructed following the recommendations of the ASTM G133 standard. The device’s validation was performed trough a comparative study between the ASTM G133 standard and 3D profilometry technique by using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/Nb2O5 specimens. The results obtained in the present work were very motivating by showing it was possible to obtain the wear properties with reproducibility through the equipment constructed. The wear tests showed that the functionalization of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with Nb2O5 coatings increased the wear resistance of the biomaterial, reducing the wear volume about 80.1 % when compared to the base material. Finally, this work demonstrated (i) the effectiveness and reproducibility of the device built to carry out microwear tests, (ii) the increase in resistance to the mechanical wear process conferred by the Nb2O5 film on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and (iii) the powerful impact of the 3D profilometry technique when compared to the ASTM G133 standard for wear volume determination.

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Section: Micro-abrasive Wear Testsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Development of a Low-Cost Ball-on-Flat Linear Reciprocating Apparatus: Test Validation Using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/Nb2O5 Coatings

Silva

Ferreira

Nascimento

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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“…Work ( W p and W el ) and volume ( V p ) uncertainty are obtained by applying Equation (17) to their definition (Equations (3) and (20)), which can be solved numerically by rectangle approximation [ 82 ]. The metrological characteristics of the measurement scales, i.e., F , h , for the work and the motion axes for the volume, are propagated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, geometrical errors in the indenter geometry are addressed by calibrating the area shape function, i.e.,

, either by direct [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] or indirect methods [ 23 , 24 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plastically displaced volume can be obtained as the material volume V m , i.e., a surface topography volume parameter [ 81 ], computed considering the reference undeformed surface height z * as the thresholding height:

where m r is the material ratio, i.e., the cumulated probability of the surface topography height distribution up a certain threshold value. The cumulated probability function is

, i.e., the areal material ratio function (also known as the Abbot–Firestone curve), and

is its functional inverse [ 82 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metrological Comparison of Available Methods to Correct Edge-Effect Local Plasticity in Instrumented Indentation Test

et al. 2023

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The Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT) mechanically characterizes materials from the nano to the macro scale, enabling the evaluation of microstructure and ultra-thin coatings. IIT is a non-conventional technique applied in strategic sectors, e.g., automotive, aerospace and physics, to foster the development of innovative materials and manufacturing processes. However, material plasticity at the indentation edge biases the characterization results. Correcting such effects is extremely challenging, and several methods have been proposed in the literature. However, comparisons of these available methods are rare, often limited in scope, and neglect metrological performance of the different methods. After reviewing the main available methods, this work innovatively proposes a performance comparison within a metrological framework currently missing in the literature. The proposed framework for performance comparison is applied to some available methods, i.e., work-based, topographical measurement of the indentation to evaluate the area and the volume of the pile-up, Nix–Gao model and the electrical contact resistance (ECR) approach. The accuracy and measurement uncertainty of the correction methods is compared considering calibrated reference materials to establish traceability of the comparison. Results, also discussed in light of the practical convenience of the methods, show that the most accurate method is the Nix–Gao approach (accuracy of 0.28 GPa, expanded uncertainty of 0.57 GPa), while the most precise is the ECR (accuracy of 0.33 GPa, expanded uncertainty of 0.37 GPa), which also allows for in-line and real-time corrections.

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“…102,103 There are basically gravimetric and topographical (profilometric) methods for wear characterisation. According to Maculotti et al 104 using gravimetric and topographical methods for wear characterisation have a lack of precision and accuracy of data, while the topographical methods has a better characterization of wear when it comes to pin-on-disc. Genta and Maculotti 105 have developed a framework model for analysing the measurement uncertainty of methods for measuring small wear volume, which may be the case with a single braking of the vehicle.…”

Section: Wear Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the coatings used for brake discs regarding their wear resistance and environmental effect

Vasiljević

Glišović

Stojаnović

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Wear of a friction pair of brake (brake disc and pads), in addition to reducing the active safety of vehicles, leads to the formation of particles that can affect the environment and human health. In addition to the technologies that are being developed for the collection of particles created by the wear of brakes during braking process, today new materials are being introduced, as well as various technologies for processing friction pairs with the aim of reducing brake wear and thus the formation of particles. Furthermore, today, technologies for coating (cladding) the friction surfaces of disc brakes with some materials are increasingly applied and researched, in order to reduce the wear intensity (wear rate) of disc brakes, i.e. the emission of particles created by wear of friction pairs. The aim of this paper is to analyse and review different deposition techniques and materials used for brake discs coatings, as well as the effect it has on the wear rate of friction pair. There are many coating deposition techniques, and special attention is paid to the technology of laser hardfacing of brake rotors.

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Uncertainty-based comparison of conventional and surface topography-based methods for wear volume evaluation in pin-on-disc tribological test

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Development of a Low-Cost Ball-on-Flat Linear Reciprocating Apparatus: Test Validation Using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/Nb2O5 Coatings

Development of a Low-Cost Ball-on-Flat Linear Reciprocating Apparatus: Test Validation Using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/Nb2O5 Coatings

Metrological Comparison of Available Methods to Correct Edge-Effect Local Plasticity in Instrumented Indentation Test

Review of the coatings used for brake discs regarding their wear resistance and environmental effect

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