Uncertainty about spatial frequency, spatial position, or contrast of visual patterns

Davis, Elizabeth T.; Kramer, Patricia; Graham, Norma

doi:10.3758/bf03205862

Cited by 137 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Evidence suggests that spatial filtering of the visual input can be selectively used, depending on task demands. Observers are worse at detecting sinusoidal gratings when spatial frequency varies unpredictably than when it is the same across a block of trials (Davis & Graham, 1981;Davis, Kramer, & Graham, 1983). However, when observers are precued to the spatial frequency of a stimulus in a mixed block, these uncertainty effects are eliminated (Hübner, 1996a(Hübner, , 1996b.…”

Section: Perceptual Change or Labeling?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of categorical color perception: A perceptual learning approach to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Özgen

Davies

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

152

142

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Color perception can be categorical: Between-category discriminations are more accurate than equivalent within-category discriminations. The effects could be inherited, learned, or both. The authors provide evidence that supports the possibility of learned categorical perception (CP). Experiment 1 demonstrated that observers' color discrimination is flexible and improves through repeated practice. Experiment 2 demonstrated that category learning simulates effects of "natural" color categories on color discrimination. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of acquired CP. Experiment 4 found that CP effects are acquired through hue-and lightness-based category learning and obtained interesting data on the dimensional perception of color. The data are consistent with the possibility that language may shape color perception and suggest a plausible mechanism for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.This article explores the nature and origin of color categorization by considering how categorical perception (CP; e.g., Harnad, 1987), linguistic relativity (e.g., Whorf, 1940Whorf, /1956, and perceptual learning (e.g., Goldstone, 1998) are related. These three areas of inquiry overlap because, first, differences in CP across languages are one manifestation of linguistic relativity (e.g., Kay & Kempton, 1984), and, second, perceptual learning is a likely route through which language influences color cognition, and more specifically through which CP is induced. Our experiments explored whether adult color discrimination can be improved through training and whether CP is induced by learning novel color categories. We argue that if they can be, then this increases the plausibility that similar mechanisms may be involved during language learning, giving rise to relativistic effects. Before explicating this sketch of our argument further, we briefly review each of the three areas.

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Section: Perceptual Change or Labeling?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of categorical color perception: A perceptual learning approach to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Özgen

Davies

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

152

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Read-out weights are plotted in the middle row. The predicted loss in performance, together with data obtained from human observers, is shown in the lower row (observers TS [column 2], PK [column 3], and TS [column 4]; data replotted from Davis et al, 1983). Error bars reflect the 68% confidence interval.…”

Section: Uncertainty Experiments 1: Detection Of Signals With Varyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Error bars reflect the 68% confidence interval. Davis et al (1983) plotted these data in percentage correct. To estimate the corresponding d= values, we assumed that the observers in the two-alternative forced-choice uncertainty experiment were unbiased in their decision making.…”

Section: Uncertainty Experiments 1: Detection Of Signals With Varyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bayesian terms, uncertainty experiments compare conditions with different prior distributions of the signal to be detected. In the case of spatial frequency, this manipulation affects pattern visibility: Broader priors (more uncertainty) reduce stimulus detectability (Davis, 1981;Davis & Graham, 1981;Davis, Kramer, & Graham, 1983).…”

Section: Uncertainty Experiments 1: Detection Of Signals With Varyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blakemore & Campbell (1969), Tolhurst (1972) Extrinsic uncertainty: spatial frequency Davis (1981), Davis & Graham (1981), Davis et al (1983) Contrast discrimination Nachmias & Sansbury (1974) a Measurements were part of the data set used to optimize the model parameters.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Linear Channels Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A neural population model for visual pattern detection.

Goris

Putzeys

Wagemans³

et al. 2013

Psychological Review

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Pattern detection is the bedrock of modern vision science. Nearly half a century ago, psychophysicists advocated a quantitative theoretical framework that connected visual pattern detection with its neurophysiological underpinnings. In this theory, neurons in primary visual cortex constitute linear and independent visual channels whose output is linked to choice behavior in detection tasks via simple read-out mechanisms. This model has proven remarkably successful in accounting for threshold vision. It is fundamentally at odds, however, with current knowledge about the neurophysiological underpinnings of pattern vision. In addition, the principles put forward in the model fail to generalize to suprathreshold vision or perceptual tasks other than detection. We propose an alternative theory of detection in which perceptual decisions develop from maximum-likelihood decoding of a neurophysiologically inspired model of population activity in primary visual cortex. We demonstrate that this theory explains a broad range of classic detection results. With a single set of parameters, our model can account for several summation, adaptation, and uncertainty effects, thereby offering a new theoretical interpretation for the vast psychophysical literature on pattern detection.

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