Unbalanced growth in natural assemblages of marine bacterioplankton

Chin-Leo, Gerardo; Kirchman, DL

doi:10.3354/meps063001

Cited by 112 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, we also performed a control analysis of the temperature relationships of the Leu and Tdr estimates separately, showing that our conclusions are not biased by the method used to assess the PHP (Supplementary Figure S1). Although, Leu to TdR ratios provide valuable information in regional studies (e.g., Chin-Leo and Kirchman, 1990;Franco-Vidal and Morán, 2011) for basin-scale to global ranges such as those shown here there is little doubt that both substrates are equally valid for estimating production of heterotrophic prokaryotes.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

et al. 2016

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Marine prokaryotes play a key role in cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the ocean. Using a unique dataset (>14,500 samples), we applied a space-for-time substitution analysis to assess the temperature dependence of prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) in epi-(0-200 m), meso-(201-1000 m) and bathypelagic waters (1001-4000 m) of the global ocean. Here, we show that the temperature dependence of PHP is fundamentally different between these major oceanic depth layers, with an estimated ecosystem-level activation energy (E ) of 36 ± 7 kJ mol −1 for the epipelagic, 72 ± a 15 kJ mol −1 for the mesopelagic and 274 ± 65 kJ mol −1 for the bathypelagic realm. We suggest that the increasing temperature dependence with depth is related to the parallel vertical gradient in the proportion of recalcitrant organic compounds. These E a predict an increased PHP of about 5, 12, and 55% in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic ocean, respectively, in response to a water temperature increase by 1 • C. Hence, there is indication that a major thus far underestimated feedback mechanism exists between future bathypelagic ocean warming and heterotrophic prokaryotic activity.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

et al. 2016

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“…The molar ratio of leucine to thymidine incorporation has been shown to vary widely between systems (Chin-Leo and Kirchman 1990; Gasol et al 1998;Hoppe et al 2006) and also within a sample with time (Sherr et al 1999), and our results are within the range reported. This variability has been interpreted as reflecting various degrees of uncoupling between protein and nucleic acid synthesis (Chin-Leo and Kirchman 1990;Torreton and Dufour 1996;Sherr et al 2001), although Hoppe et al (2006) have argued that the absolute values of the ratio that are associated with balanced growth probably differ between communities and regions. The range of values observed for the various metabolic variables was comparable between the surface and pycnocline layers, although their spatial patterns were often quite different, probably reflecting the characteristics of the water masses that coexist vertically along the transect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine bacteria collectively maximize their survival and growth not by adjusting any single aspect of C metabolism but most likely by simultaneously modulating different aspects of their overall metabolism (Carlson et al 2007;del Giorgio and Gasol 2008). For example, bioenergetic considerations would suggest that growth rate and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) should be related to each other (del Giorgio and Cole 2000) and that both should in turn be related to the ratio of leucine to thymidine incorporation (Leu : TdR ratio), which provides an index of the relative importance of protein vs. nucleic acid synthesis and thus of the degree to which growth is balanced or unbalanced (Chin-Leo and Kirchman 1990;Gasol et al 1998). In turn, C processing and the subsequent growth should be linked to the underlying C availability and consumption (Church 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coherent patterns in bacterial growth, growth efficiency, and leucine metabolism along a northeastern Pacific inshore‐offshore transect

Giorgio

Condon

Bouvier

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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We investigated the patterns in bacterial growth, production, respiration, growth efficiency (BGE), and bacterial leucine respiration and C-to-leucine yield (i.e., conversion factor [CF]) along a transect off the coast of Oregon. Plankton respiration along the transect averaged 1.15 6 0.16 mg C L 21 h 21 , peaking in the coastal upwelling region. The respiration in the filtered fraction, which was dominated by bacterial biomass, accounted for 79% of the total respiration. The different approaches that we used converged to an average BGE of 13% 6 1%, with peaks of over 20% in the more productive coastal areas and values declining to below 5% toward the oligotrophic gyre waters. There was overall coherence between the various aspects of bacterial C metabolism: communities with low BGE also tended to have low growth rates and high leucine-to-thymidine incorporation ratios. The patterns in BGE were mirrored at the single compound level, and in the most oligotrophic sites, bacteria tended to quickly respire a large fraction (20-75%) of the leucine that was taken up and had the lowest Cto-leucine yield, suggesting that the patterns in bulk BGE and growth also apply to individual substrates. Bacterial growth was a function of both C consumption and BGE; these two aspects of bacterial C metabolism do not necessarily covary, and they are regulated differently. The patterns in C consumption, growth, BGE, and leucine metabolism all reflect the basic physiological response of bacteria to energy limitation due to high maintenance costs associated with life in oligotrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phasing of growth (also referred to as unbalanced growth) has been frequently observed, mostly by measuring the bacterial incorporation of leucine versus thymidine (Chin-Leo & Kirchman 1990). Besides some unspecific incorporation of thymidine into bacterial macromolecules other than DNA, larger changes in the ratio between leucine and thymidine occur when bacterial communities shift from high to low growth rates and vice versa (Chin-Leo & Kirchman 1990). Using a different approach (abundance fluctuations, cell volume of the cells, FDC), we observed phasing of bacterial growth, thereby avoiding the problems inherent to the commonly used radiolabeling techniques (leucine and thymidine incorporation) of unspecific incorporation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel periodicity of bacterioplankton in the euphotic zone of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean

Kuipers¹,

Noort²,

Vosjan³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We tested the hypothesis that in the euphotic zone of oligotrophic oceanic waters, the growth-limiting nutrients for bacterioplankton vary over a diel cycle due to competition with phytoplankton, leading to distinct diel patterns in bacterioplankton. During a cruise across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean, a distinct diel periodicity in bacterioplankton was detectable, with highest bacterial abundance in the early morning and declining over the day. A peak in the frequency of dividing cells (FDC, 20 to 25% of the total bacterial community) was recorded at midnight; FDC rates were consistently low during the day and cell volume increased over the day until the early night period. No diel variations in these parameters were detectable in the layers below the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). Bio-assay experiments with freshly collected, N+P amended water were started in the early morning. No significant bacterial growth was detectable in the early morning while, in the bio-assays that started at noon, significant bacterial growth was detectable in the N+P treatments. P amendment alone also caused an increase in bacterial abundance although to a lesser extent. Thus, we have evidence that the bacterioplankton in the euphotic layer of the subtropical Atlantic are not limited by the availability of N+P in the morning (most likely limited in C) but at noon when they are competing with phytoplankton for the inorganic N+P sources. Based on the concomitantly measured decline in inorganic N+P in the bio-assays, we estimated the C:N:P ratio of newly produced bacteria. The mean atomic C:N:P ratio for the bacteria in the N+P amended bio-assay experiments started in the early morning was C:N:P = 15:13:1 while the corresponding ratio for bacteria in the bio-assays started at noon was C:N:P = 118:11:1. This diel variation in the C:N:P ratio was caused by the 1 order of magnitude higher bacterial C production at noon as compared to the early morning. Thus, excess uptake of N+P occurs during the morning and luxury C uptake during noon. This plasticity in the C:N:P ratio of bacterioplankton might be a strategy to overcome, at least partly, periods of shortage in a specific nutrient species in the oligotrophic subtropical Atlantic. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES

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Unbalanced growth in natural assemblages of marine bacterioplankton

Cited by 112 publications

References 26 publications

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

Coherent patterns in bacterial growth, growth efficiency, and leucine metabolism along a northeastern Pacific inshore‐offshore transect

Diel periodicity of bacterioplankton in the euphotic zone of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean

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