Un «pebble -tool » des alluvions rhénanes de la carrière Hurst à Achenheim

Wernert, Paul; Millot, Georges; Eller, Jean-Paul von

doi:10.3406/sgeol.1962.1242

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…2) whose palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution has been reconstructed in detail thanks to a comprehensive analysis of the malacofauna (Rousseau 1987). Despite the numerous paleontological (Wernert 1957;Heim et al 1982) and archaeological remains discovered, only two levels, soils 74 and 81, which are located respectively beneath the Achenheim I and Achenheim III paleosoils, have been investigated through excavation. These initial studies were followed by dating studies using thermoluminescence (TL) (e.g., Buraczynski and Butrym 1984;Zöller et al 2004) which have provided a chronological framework, particularly for the last glacial cycle.…”

Section: Context and Current State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Paleolithic Geomorphological and Paleoenvironmental Setting of the Alsace Region: State of the Art and New Data

Wuscher,

Moine,

Gauthier

et al. 2024

The Rhine During the Middle Paleolithic: Boundary or Corridor?

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The Upper Rhine Plain is part of a Cenozoic graben, which is approximately 40 km wide and 300 km long. This geological structure determines the geometry and the thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments, with a subsiding central zone and loess-covered alluvial terraces on its margins. In Alsace, most of the recorded Paleolithic remains are concentrated on the margins while the central area appears to be devoid of occupation. Recent investigations have been carried out in the region within the framework of the PaleoEls Project, and in the course of rescue excavations. They indicate that the sedimentary deposits, which are locally very thick, pose an obstacle for studying archaeological sites and are partly responsible for the observed distribution pattern. However, they also provide a chronological and palaeoenvironmental framework for the Middle Paleolithic. For the Upper Pleistocene, loess sequences attest to the establishment of pine forests during the first half of the period (from approximately 100,000 to 70,000 years ago), phases of erosion around the middle of the period (from approximately 100,000 to 30,000 years ago) and significant levels of deposition which fossilize tundra gleys over the course of the second half of the period (from approximately 30,000 to 20,000 years ago). Loess sequences also indicate environmental conditions that were dryer and richer in biodiversity than those in northern France. Around Strasbourg, alluvial clayey loams, more than 20 m deep, indicate the existence of a flood plain occupied by wet meadowlands and few trees during Pleistocene interstadial or interglacial times that was conducive to human occupation. While these deposits are currently only accessible through coring, Late Glacial and Holocene formations, which are easy to study, can serve as a model for studying the more discontinuous records from the earlier periods. They show the tendency for shrinkage in that part of the plain submitted to flooding from the Pleniglacial to the recent Holocene, leading us to envisage a situation where the plain was easy to cross during the Middle Paleolithic. Thus, from a geomorphological point of view, there is no reason to believe that the Rhine River acted as a boundary or posed an obstacle to human movement.

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Section: Context and Current State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Paleolithic Geomorphological and Paleoenvironmental Setting of the Alsace Region: State of the Art and New Data

Wuscher,

Moine,

Gauthier

et al. 2024

The Rhine During the Middle Paleolithic: Boundary or Corridor?

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show abstract

“…The stratigraphy includes the sedimentary records of the last three glacial cycles, and part of the fourth. A large collection of Quaternary faunal remains and Paleolithic lithic artifacts were discovered during the exploitation of these quarries and were collected by Paul Wernert, who carefully positioned them within the general stratigraphy (Wernert 1957;Junkmanns 1995).…”

Section: Achenheim "Sol 74"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Petrographic Diversity and Techno-Economic Behaviors During the Middle Paleolithic: Some Observations on Lithic Raw Material Management at the Sites of Achenheim “Sol 74” and Mutzig “Rain” (Alsace, France)

Diemer

2024

The Rhine During the Middle Paleolithic: Boundary or Corridor?

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The identification of lithic raw material sources used to produce tools and the characterization of their management are essential when studying a prehistoric population. For the Middle Paleolithic, it may be one of the crucial keys to understanding the technological and typological variability observed within the lithic assemblages, particularly in the Rhine Valley where the scarcity of flint and geological complexity go hand in hand with the exploitation of a wide diversity of the raw materials by Neanderthal groups. In this paper we propose an analysis of raw material management on the only two Middle Paleolithic sites in the French part of the Rhine Valley to have been actually excavated and well-documented and which have yielded sufficient quantities of lithic material: Achenheim “Sol 74,” an open-air find horizon dating to the Saalian glaciation, and Mutzig “Rain,” a multi-layer rockshelter settlement from the beginning of the Weichselian glaciation. These two sites occupy quite different environments and belong to different chronological periods but they probably had access to the same raw material sources. The analyses carried out combine petrography, observation of the natural surfaces on the lithic artifacts and the reconstruction of reduction sequences and chaînes opératoires. For both sites, this approach has allowed us to highlight the exploitation of raw materials which were primarily sourced locally. It has also revealed other techno-economic behaviors such as the circulation of certain kinds of products, especially retouched tools made from good quality flint. Our observations allow us to propose interpretations regarding the functioning of Neanderthal groups and the functions of sites within the territory that they exploited.

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Mollusques glanés à Achenheim dans les alluvions rhénanes et vosgiennes comparés à la faune malacologique récoltée par Andreae à Hangenbieten

Wernert¹,

Geissert²

1963

sgeol

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Les auteurs décrivent des Mollusques des aluvions rhénanes et vosgiennes d'Achenheim et les comparent à ceux récoltés par Andreae à Hangenbieten. Dans les grandes lignes, les résultats des récoltes malacologiques opérées à Achenheim dans les différents affleurements des dépôts fluviatiles du Quaternaire ancien, se recouvrent avec ceux obtenus il y a 80 ans par Andreae dans les niveaux correspondants de la coupe de Hangenbieten.

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Un «pebble -tool » des alluvions rhénanes de la carrière Hurst à Achenheim

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Middle Paleolithic Geomorphological and Paleoenvironmental Setting of the Alsace Region: State of the Art and New Data

Middle Paleolithic Geomorphological and Paleoenvironmental Setting of the Alsace Region: State of the Art and New Data

Between Petrographic Diversity and Techno-Economic Behaviors During the Middle Paleolithic: Some Observations on Lithic Raw Material Management at the Sites of Achenheim “Sol 74” and Mutzig “Rain” (Alsace, France)

Mollusques glanés à Achenheim dans les alluvions rhénanes et vosgiennes comparés à la faune malacologique récoltée par Andreae à Hangenbieten

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