UMG silicon for solar PV: From defects detection to PV module degradation

Forniés, E.; Cañizo, Carlos del; Rouco, Lara; Souto, Alejandro; Vázquez, Antonio Pérez; Garraín, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.076

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a previous mass production test, performed in commercial solar cells and modules production lines, this feedstock has proven to be appropriate for PV applications (Forniés et al, 2019), reaching, in a conventional production line, up to 20.76% of solar cell efficiency with multicrystalline cells made of 100% UMG silicon. Additional results have been recently presented (Fornies et al, 2021), on defect engineering and outdoor degradation of UMG-Si PV modules compared to polysilicon, including some partial results presented in the present work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and polysilicon for solar electricity production: A comparative life cycle assessment

Rouco¹,

Forniés²,

Garraín

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and polysilicon for solar electricity production: A comparative life cycle assessment

Rouco¹,

Forniés²,

Garraín

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The resulting ingots were sliced in 15x15 cm 2 wafers of 200±5 μm thickness with resistivity values ranging from 1 to 1.7 Ω•cm, as shown later on. Three different types of UMG-Si wafers were analyzed and processed: monocrystalline wafers labelled as "mono", and two types of mc-Si wafers labelled as A-type and B-type wafers, which have different impurity contents, as described elsewhere [29]. The compensation level of the UMG material used in this study and defined as (NA+ND)/(NA-ND), where NA and ND are the concentrations of p-type and n-type dopants, respectively, varies along the ingot between 2 and 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of trapping and recombination in upgraded metallurgical grade silicon: Impact of phosphorous diffusion gettering

Dasilva-Villanueva

Catalán‐Gómez

Marrón

et al. 2022

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…Our goal is to find a way to reduce this cost by using a cheap raw material, such as the upgraded metallurgical (UMG) silicon as solar-grade silicon (SoG) [1]. This silicon is less expensive than polysilicon due to its quality according to the impurities level; but it can be used for solar cells production with proper production process [2]. In addition, the growth rate, thermal gradient and fluid convection (natural or forced) are predominant IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1223/1/012001 2 factors that may affect the segregation of impurities in the final solidification process, whether for alloys [3][4][5] or pure material production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D numerical simulation with experimental validation of a traveling magnetic field stirring generated by a Bitter coil for silicon directional solidification process

Hiba

Nouri

Hachani

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Silicon is the most widely used raw material in photovoltaic industry; however, the quality of the silicon photovoltaic solar cells depends on the quality of the raw material (i.e. metallurgical silicon or poly-silicon) and the solidification methods used for the production of the silicon ingot from which the solar cells are produced. This study is related to how improve the quality of the final ingot in the directional solidification process; it is necessary to control the impurity segregation of silicon raw material during the processing. This control can be accomplished by adding an electromagnetic Bitter coil which can generate an external traveling magnetic field (TMF) stirring to control the hydrodynamic flow of silicon melt during the solidification process without contaminating it. To carry out this study, we used a Bridgman vertical directional solidification furnace, equipped with a cylindrical Bitter coil stirrer used in order to have the control of the silicon melt convection on the principal parameters of the solidification process, such as the growth rate, the thermal gradient and the natural convection of silicon melt. For the electromagnetic, heat exchange and silicon melt flow modelling, we used 3D numerical Multiphysics coupled models. Parallel to the numerical results we carried out experimental investigations relating to the characterization of the electromagnetic parameters. This study shows a promising effect of the applied traveling magnetic field on the final ingot quality; indeed, we have the ability to control the silicon melt flow which can affect the thermal configuration, the solidification interface shape and the segregation of impurities by changing the electric current input configuration of the Bitter coil stirrer.

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UMG silicon for solar PV: From defects detection to PV module degradation

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and polysilicon for solar electricity production: A comparative life cycle assessment

Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and polysilicon for solar electricity production: A comparative life cycle assessment

Reduction of trapping and recombination in upgraded metallurgical grade silicon: Impact of phosphorous diffusion gettering

3D numerical simulation with experimental validation of a traveling magnetic field stirring generated by a Bitter coil for silicon directional solidification process

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