Umbilical cord β-endorphin and early childhood motor development

Rothenberg, Stephen J.; Chicz-DeMet, Aleksandra; Schnaas, Lourdes; Karchmer, S; Salinas-Salinas, Vicente; Guzmán, Lidio Angel

doi:10.1016/0378-3782(96)01744-6

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Contrary to expectation, follow-up at age three years showed that children born with lower cord blood levels had lower motor scores on psychometric tests. 131 There do not appear to have been any studies looking at prenatal stress as identified using life events, or measures of anxiety, in regard to motor development.…”

Section: Chemical Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

et al. 2013

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Although much of children’s motor skills have a heredity component, at least half of the variance is likely to be influenced by the environment It is important to ascertain features of the environment that are responsible so that toxins can be avoided, children at risk can be identified and beneficial interventions initiated. This review outlines the results of published studies and recommends the areas where further research is required. We found much confusion with little comparability concerning the ages or measures used. Few studies had sufficient power and few allowed for confounders. We found that research to date implicates associations with prenatal drinking ≥4 drinks of alcohol per day; diabetes; taking antidepressant drugs; being deficient in iodine or iron; dietary fish; and postnatal depression. The child appearing to be most at risk was born of low birth weight (but not due to preterm delivery); or with neonatal problems.

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Section: Chemical Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

et al. 2013

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“…[1][2][3] Early prenatal exposure to stress or stress during birth alters the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and influences the further development of the newborn. 4 PRL, which regulates feeding and appetite, suppresses ACTH secretion in response to stress. 5 Studies in rats showed that alterations in circulating corticosterone concentrations during the first postnatal weeks significantly influence neurogenesis and neuron death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response

Vogl¹,

Worda²,

Egarter³

et al. 2006

BJOG

174

122

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Objective To determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and child.Design Prospective observational study.Setting Tertiary care centre, University hospital.Population A total of 103 nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term undergoing either spontaneous labour for vaginal delivery or delivering by caesarean section without labour. Thirty women delivered vaginally without any pain relief, 21 women delivered vaginally with epidural anaesthesia, 23 women had ventouse extraction and 29 women underwent caesarean section with epidural analgesia.Methods After delivery, maternal and umbilical cord blood was collected for determination of different stress-associated hormones.Main outcome measures Concentrations of epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NOR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CORT), prolactin (PRL), corticotropin-releasing factor and beta-endorphin (BE).Results Caesarean section was associated with significantly lower maternal concentrations of EP, NOR, ACTH, CORT, PRL and BE and lower newborn levels of EP, NOR and CORT compared with all other modes of delivery. Concentrations of EP, ACTH and BE differed significantly in newborns delivered by normal vaginal delivery, vaginal delivery with epidural anaesthesia and ventouse extraction.Conclusions The mode of delivery and analgesia used during birth are associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress responses.

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“…Our study reports variances in hormonal levels of the mother and the newborn depending on the method of delivery. Whether the limited stress reaction and reduced stress hormone responses seen after delivery by elective C-section have a beneficial or a deleterious impact on the child's later neurocognitive and motor development (2,7,(12)(13)(14). It may be considered part of the process of fetal programming of the HPA with all its potential health hazards for the affected child.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the critical hormonal processes preparing both mother and baby for birth occur in the days or even hours before the spontaneous onset of labor (3). This includes increases in the number of hormone receptors, a surge in fetal catecholamines that prepares the fetus for air breathing after birth, and a surge in maternal oxytocin that is transferred to the baby and provides a neuroprotective effect during labor and birth according to some animal studies (2). Previous literature describes a difference in the physiological stress response of children delivered by caesarean section (C-section) as compared with those delivered spontaneously (9-10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Stress Hormones During the Process of Birth

Karakaya

Moraloğlu

Fındık

et al. 2018

Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med

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Objective: This study aims to determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and newborn.Study Design: This prospective observational study was conducted with 86 women with a normal singleton pregnancy who delivered healthy infants between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation in a tertiary center. Study groups included; (1) women undergoing normal vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia, (2) women undergoing vaginal delivery with immersion in water for pain relief during labor, (3) women delivered through elective caesarean section without labor. After delivery, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol, insulin, prolactin and Beta-endorphin levels were measured in maternal and umbilical cord serum and their relationships between modes of delivery were investigated.Results: It was found that the concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin after vaginal delivery with immersion in water group in both mothers and infants were higher than other two modes of delivery and these differences were statistically significant. Umbilical cord concentration of cortisol was the lowest in the caesarean section group.Conclusions: Maternal and fetal stress response was found to be associated with the mode of delivery and labor.

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Umbilical cord β-endorphin and early childhood motor development

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response

Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Stress Hormones During the Process of Birth

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