Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Potential to Treat Organ Disorders; An Emerging Strategy

Abstract

: Currently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted growing attention in the context of cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. Following the first successful procurement of human MSCs from bone marrow (BM), these cells isolation has been conducted from various origins, in particular, the umbilical cord (UC). Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs) can be acquired by a non-invasive plan and simply cultured, and thereby signifies their superiority over MSCs derived from other sources for medical purposes. Due to their unique attributes, including self-renewal, multipotency, and accessibility concomitant with their immunosuppressive competence and lower ethical concerns, UC-MSCs therapy is described as encouraging therapeutic options in cell-based therapies. Regardless of their unique aptitude to adjust inflammatory response during tissue recovery and delivering solid milieu for tissue restoration, UC-MSCs can be differentiated into a diverse spectrum of adult cells (e.g., osteoblast, chondrocyte, type II alveolar, hepatocyte, and cardiomyocyte). Interestingly, they demonstrate a prolonged survival and longer telomeres compared with MSCs derived from other sources, suggesting that UC-MSCs are desired source to use in regenerative medicine. In the present review, we deliver a brief review of UC-MSCs isolation, expansion concomitantly with immunosuppressive activities, and try to collect and discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical researches based on the use of UC-MSCs in regenerative medicine, focusing on with special focus on in vivo researches.

The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as microRNAs delivery systems in different diseases

“…UC-MSCs can be obtained via a non-invasive strategy and easy cultured, thus offering their advantage over other types of MSCs for therapeutic objectives. Because of their unique characteristics, such as self-renewal, multipotency, and availability simultaneous with their immunosuppressive capability and lesser ethical worries, UC-MSCs treatment is defined as hopeful curative choices in cell-based treatments [ 113 ]. HUC-MSC-EXOs, acquired by extensively expanding hUC-MSCs in vitro, is convenient to extract, store, and transport, lower in immunogenicity, and better in biocompatibility.…”

Therapeutic Strategy of Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regenerative Medicine

“…However, depending on the tissue, such as the brain or heart, it is difficult to separate stem cells from the living tissue and for use as treatment. In recent years, MSCs have been the focus of attention because they are relatively easy to extract from various tissues, including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord, synovium, and pulp [ 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 ]. Furthermore, they can also differentiate into ectoderm-derived nerve cells and glial cells that perform functions such as supporting nerve cells and endoderm-derived hepatocytes [ 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 ].…”

Therapeutic Potential of Microvesicles in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine of Ocular Diseases With an Especial Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Microvesicles

“…It has been shown that MSC-DEs can modulate hyperoxia-induced retinopathy, suggesting a new safe non-cellular therapy for ROP ( Moisseiev et al, 2017 ). Also, researchers have demonstrated the influential role of microglia derived-exosome in treating retina-related diseases ( Ebneter et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2019 ; Ahani-Nahayati et al, 2021b ). Injection of microglia derived exosome into vitreous has induced down-regulation of VEGF, TGF-β and suppresses apoptosis of photoreceptor, indicating the therapeutic application of exosome in ROP ( Xu et al, 2019 ).…”