Umbilical Cord as Prospective Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy

Abstract

The paper presents current evidence on the properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, including origin, proliferative potential, plasticity, stability of karyotype and phenotype, transcriptome, secretome, and immunomodulatory activity. A review of preclinical studies and clinical trials using this cell type is performed. Prospects for the use of mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the umbilical cord, in cell transplantation are associated with the need for specialized biobanking and transplant standardization criteria.

Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds for Cell and Recombinant Protein-Based Bone Regeneration

“…However, given that this study only used one donor from each cell type, any differences seen here should be attributed to differences between cell lines, rather than tissue sources. Alternatively, uMSCs have a higher proliferative potential than bmMSCs, together with differences in gene expression and secretome and a more optimal tissue source for BMP‐2 overexpression . Compared to previous studies using adenovirus or nucleofection, lentiviral transduction induced a higher expression of BMP and greater bone formation in vivo .…”

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes

“…However, advantages to the isolation of MSCs from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ) includes: a higher yield, more homogenous stem cell population, increased likelihood of successful MSC isolation, and better ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells (Weiss & Troyer 2006; El-Demerdash et al 2015; Vangsness et al 2015; Arutyunyan et al 2016). Several techniques have been described for the isolation of WJ-MSCs, but the two most common methods include an enzymatic digestion of cord tissue or an explant culture method (Figure 1).…”

“…For purposes of this review, studies examining the regenerative properties of MSCs will be generalized into the following major themes: vascular development, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis (Figure 3). …”

“…Thus far, no standardized method for the isolation, characterization, expansion, potency testing, nor pathogen screening for MSCs exists (Arutyunyan et al 2016; Smith et al 2016; Weiss et al 2016). The regulation of cell based products by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) focuses on three main themes: i) prevention of transmitting communicable disease via contaminated tissue, ii) proper handling and processing of tissue, and iii) demonstration of clinical safety and effectiveness of cells, especially after extensive manipulation.…”

“…The FDA also requires tissue processing facilities to register, list their products, and provide accurate labeling of the products. Recent review articles have presented specifics focusing on standardization and production of clinical-grade stem cells (Giancola et al 2012; Sensebé et al 2013; Arutyunyan et al 2016; Smith et al 2016; Weiss et al 2016). …”