Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes

Gorman, Shelley; Lucas, Robyn; Allen-Hall, Aidan; Fleury, Naomi; Feelisch, Martin

doi:10.1039/c6pp00274a

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The positive association between the sun exposure score and 25OHD status can be explained by the presence of 7-DHC in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells; it is a photosensitive molecule that absorbs ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength from 290–315 nm. Following this absorption, the entire metabolic pathway is initiated to activate vitamin D synthesis [ 8 ]. This discovery reinforces the utility of the assessment tool used in the study, which offered good accuracy to assess sun exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several predictors are involved in changes in vitamin D status in chronic diseases, with seasonality being currently discussed as an important factor, because it has an impact on the behavior and lifestyle of individuals [ 7 ]. For example, the winter season has a higher prevalence of MetS, and changes in the components thereof [ 7 , 8 ]. Seasonal variation in fasting blood glucose and blood pressure was observed in Japanese individuals [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Aquino

Cunha

Pereira

et al. 2018

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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BackgroundThe risk of metabolic syndrome can be influenced by inadequate vitamin D levels, and exposure to sunlight is the main external source of vitamin D. The present study assessed the influence of environmental, biological, and nutritional factors in relation to seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in individuals with metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 180 individuals with metabolic syndrome aged between 18 and 80 years. The 25OHD concentration was considered the dependent variable; independent variables included age, sex, skin color, use of sunscreen, skin type, sun exposure score, ultraviolet radiation index, geographic location, season, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, waist circumference, parathyroid hormone level, total serum calcium level, and calcium and vitamin D intake.ResultsThe average vitamin D in individuals evaluated in summer 32 ± 10 ng/mL was greater than in the winter 26 ± 8 ng/mL (p < 0.017). HDL-cholesterol was the only component of the MetS that differed significantly between the seasons (p < 0.001), showing higher concentrations in autumn 45 ± 8 mg/dL than in summer 35 ± 8 mg/dL. In the multiple regression model, gender, WHR, sun exposure score, and winter vs. summer explained 10% of the variation in 25OHD concentration (p = 0.004).ConclusionsSex, waist:hip ratio, sun exposure, and summer season were predictors of 25OHD status among individuals with metabolic syndrome. HDL-cholesterol was the only component of metabolic syndrome that differed significantly between the seasons.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13098-018-0346-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Aquino

Cunha

Pereira

et al. 2018

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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“…We have recently reviewed in detail the evidence from a limited number of human observation studies and clinical trials, which assess the potential for exposure to sunlight or UVR to affect the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction (invited review, [77]). Below, we detail some of these findings, concentrating on a few key studies published to date.…”

Section: Sunlight and Ultraviolet Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction

Fleury

Geldenhuys

Gorman

2016

IJERPH

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Obesity is a significant burden on global healthcare due to its high prevalence and associations with chronic health conditions. In our animal studies, ongoing exposure to low dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR, found in sunlight) reduced weight gain and the development of signs of cardiometabolic dysfunction in mice fed a high fat diet. These observations suggest that regular exposure to safe levels of sunlight could be an effective means of reducing the burden of obesity. However, there is limited knowledge around the nature of associations between sun exposure and the development of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction, and we do not know if sun exposure (independent of outdoor activity) affects the metabolic processes that determine obesity in humans. In addition, excessive sun exposure has strong associations with a number of negative health consequences such as skin cancer. This means it is very important to “get the balance right” to ensure that we receive benefits without increasing harm. In this review, we detail the evidence around the cardiometabolic protective effects of UVR and suggest mechanistic pathways through which UVR could be beneficial.

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“…This is of relevance given the composition of UV-A in overall sunlight exposure is approximately 90% although the intensity depends on latitude and seasonal variations in the light/dark cycle (Diffey 2002 ). These current data would seem to conflict with the suggestion that UV exposure is as a potential intervention for obesity (Geldenhuys et al 2014 ; Fleury et al 2016 ), potentially mediated via vitamin D or NO effects (Gorman et al 2017 ). The present study highlights the extent to which sunlight exposure may have a potentially confounding impact on key markers of cardiometabolic health; data which should be carefully considered in epidemiological research.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

The effects of two different doses of ultraviolet-A light exposure on nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory outcomes

et al. 2018

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PurposeThe present study investigated different doses of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light on plasma nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory variables.MethodsTen healthy male participants completed three experimental conditions, 7 days apart. Participants were exposed to no light (CON); 10 J cm2 (15 min) of UV-A light (UVA10) and 20 J cm2 (30 min) of UV-A light (UVA20) in a randomized order. Plasma nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] concentrations, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before, immediately after exposure and 30 min post-exposure. Whole body oxygen utilization (), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skin temperature were recorded continuously.ResultsNone of the measured parameters changed significantly during CON (all P > 0.05). and RMR were significantly reduced immediately after UVA10 (P < 0.05) despite no change in plasma [NO2−] (P > 0.05). Immediately after exposure to UVA20, plasma [NO2−] was higher (P = 0.014) and and RMR tended to be lower compared to baseline (P = 0.06). There were no differences in [NO2−] or at the 30 min time point in any condition. UV-A exposure did not alter systolic BP, diastolic BP or MAP (all P > 0.05). UV-A light did not alter plasma [NO3−] at any time point (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a UV-A dose of 20 J cm2 is necessary to increase plasma [NO2−] although a smaller dose is capable of reducing and RMR at rest. Exposure to UV-A did not significantly reduce BP in this cohort of healthy adults. These data suggest that exposure to sunlight has a meaningful acute impact on metabolic function.

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Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes

Cited by 27 publications

References 118 publications

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction

The effects of two different doses of ultraviolet-A light exposure on nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory outcomes

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