Ultraviolet Action Spectra of Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Inhibition in a Green and a Red Alga

Halldal, Per

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1964.tb08174.x

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Definitive data concerning the spectral characteristics of pigments which sensitize photoinhibition are lacking, although attempts to collect these have been made (9). This study was undertaken to fill this gap in the understanding of the damaging effects of large doses of light of selected wavelengths uipon the photochemical activity of chloroplasts.…”

Section: Photoinhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinhibition of Chloroplast Reactions. I. Kinetics and Action Spectra

1966

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Photoinhibition of photosvnthesis has been defined as the debilitating effect of high intensities of visible light upon the photosynthetic capability of green organisms (17). The term is extended in this study to include the effects of tultraviolet light tupon the photosynthetic reactions of chloroplasts. The kinetics of photoinhibition in whole cells have been stLudied using visible (16, 19, 24, 27) and ultraviolet light (2, 13, 25). In both cases, secondary metabolic effects prevented a quantitative analvsis.Chloroplasts are more stuitable for stuch a studv because of their relative independence from nonphotosynthetic metabolic processes. Definitive data concerning the spectral characteristics of pigments which sensitize photoinhibition are lacking, although attempts to collect these have been made (9). This study was undertaken to fill this gap in the understanding of the damaging effects of large doses of light of selected wavelengths uipon the photochemical activity of chloroplasts.

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Section: Photoinhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinhibition of Chloroplast Reactions. I. Kinetics and Action Spectra

1966

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“…UVA can energize algal photosynthesis (McLeod and Kanwisher 1962;Halldall 1964Halldall , 1967Mengelt and Prézelin 2005;Gao et al 2007;Xu and Gao 2010), but can also inhibit growth (Callieri et al 2001;Gao et a. 2007).…”

Section: Uvamentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (also known as inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms; both abbreviated as CCMs) presumably evolved under conditions of low CO 2 availability. However, the timing of their origin is unclear since there are no sound estimates from molecular clocks, and even if there were, there are no proxies for the functioning of CCMs. Accordingly, we cannot use previous episodes of high CO 2 (e.g. the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) to indicate how organisms with CCMs responded. Present and predicted environmental change in terms of increased CO 2 and temperature are leading to increased CO 2 and HCO 3 -and decreased CO 3 2-and pH in surface seawater, as well as decreasing the depth of the upper mixed layer and increasing the degree of isolation of this layer with respect to nutrient flux from deeper waters. The outcome of these forcing factors is to increase the availability of inorganic carbon, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) to aquatic photolithotrophs and to decrease the supply of the nutrients (combined) nitrogen and phosphorus and of any non-aeolian iron. The influence of these variations on CCM expression has been examined to varying degrees as acclimation by extant organisms. Increased PAR increases CCM expression in terms of CO 2 affinity, while increased UVB has a range of effects in the organisms examined; little relevant information is available on increased temperature. Decreased combined nitrogen supply generally increases CO 2 affinity, decreased iron availability increases CO 2 affinity, and decreased phosphorus supply has varying effects on the organisms examined. There are few data sets showing interactions among the observed changes, and even less information on genetic (adaptation) 2 changes in response to the forcing factors. In freshwaters, changes in phytoplankton species composition may alter with environmental change with consequences for frequency of species with or without CCMs. The information available permits less predictive power as to the effect of the forcing factors on CCM expression than for their overall effects on growth. CCMs are currently not part of models as to how global environmental change has altered, and is likely to further alter, algal and aquatic plant primary productivity.Keywords CO 2 concentrating mechanism -combined nitrogen -inorganic carboniron -mixing depth -photosynthetically active radiation -phosphorus -temperature -UVA-UVB Abbreviations CCM CO 2 concentrating mechanism DOC Dissolved organic carbon PAR Photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm)Rubisco Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase UVA Ultraviolet A radiation (320-400 nm) UVB Ultraviolet B radiation (280-320 nm)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, UV-B irradiation has been shown effective in inhibiting leaf expansion (22,29,30), seedling growth (1,21), dark respiration (29), and ion transport (1), as well as altering membrane permeability (9)(10)(11). Ultraviolet-B radiation has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of photosynthesis (4,5,16,26,29,30,35) and a number of partial reactions of phytosynthesis, including Chl synthesis (2,14), the Hill reaction 'This work was performed with the support of National Aeronautics and Space Administration contract NAS9-15516, National Science Foundation grant SER77-06567, and by a grant from the Dean 4 To whom all correspondence should be addressed. (2,5,14), and electron transport (5,24,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Seagrass Photosynthesis by Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Trocine¹,

Rice²,

Wells³

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on the photosynthesis of seagrasses (Halophilaengebnami Aschers, Haloukl wrightii Aschers, and Syringodium fihforme Kutz) were examined. The intrinsic tolerance of each seagrass to ultraviolet-B, the presence and effectiveness of photorepair mechanisms to ultraviolet-B-induced photosynthetic inhibition, and the role of epiphytic growth as a shield from ultraviolet-B were investigated.Hakdad was found to possess the greatest photosynthetic tolerance for ultraviolet-B. Photosynthesis in Syringodium was slightiy more sensitive to ultraviolet-B while Halophila showed relatively little photosynthetic tolerance. Evidence for a photorepair mechanism was found only in Halodule. This mechanism effectively attenuated photosynthetic inhibition induced by ultraviolet-B dose rates and dosages in excess of natural conditions. Syringodium appeared to rely primarily on a thick epidermal ceil layer to reduce photosynthetic damage. Halophia seemed to have no morphological or photorepair capabilities to deal with ultraviolet-B. This species appeared to rely on epiphytic and detrital shielding and the shade provided by other seagrasses to reduce ultraviolet-B irradiation to tolerable levels. The presence of epiphytes on leaf surfaces was found to reduce the extent of photosynthetic inhibition from ultraviolet-B exposure in anl species.Observations obtained in this study seem to suggest the possibility of anthocyanin and/or other flavonoid synthesis as an adaptation to long term ultraviolet-B irradiation by these species. In addition, Halophila appears to obtain an increased photosynthetic tolerance to ultraviolet-B as an indirect benefit of chloroplast clumping to avoid photo-oxidation by intense levels of photosynthetically active radiation.The threat of a reduction in the stratospheric ozone layer by anthropogenic agents (7,17,19,27), and the concomitant increase in UV radiation reaching the earth's surface (8) has stimulated a renewed interest in the biological effects of UV radiation between 290 and 320 nm (UV-B). Recently, UV-B irradiation has been shown effective in inhibiting leaf expansion (22,29,30), seedling growth (1, 21), dark respiration (29), and ion transport (1), as well as altering membrane permeability (9-11). Ultraviolet-B radiation has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of photosynthesis (4,5,16,26,29,30, 35) 4 To whom all correspondence should be addressed. (2,5,14), and electron transport (5,24,25).The objective of this study was to examine the influence of ambient and enhanced UV-B irradiation on photosynthesis in three marine angiosperms: Halodule wrightii, Syringodium fliforme, and Halophila engelmannii. The photorepair capabilities of the three seagrasses and the role of epiphytes as a shield from increased levels of UV-B irradiation were evaluated.These three seagrasses were selected for study because of their sensitivity to UV-B irradiation, their distribution along a natural gradient of UV-B and visible radiation intensities, and because of their ecolog...

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Ultraviolet Action Spectra of Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Inhibition in a Green and a Red Alga

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Photoinhibition of Chloroplast Reactions. I. Kinetics and Action Spectra

Photoinhibition of Chloroplast Reactions. I. Kinetics and Action Spectra

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

Inhibition of Seagrass Photosynthesis by Ultraviolet-B Radiation

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