Inhibition of Seagrass Photosynthesis by Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Trocine, Robert P.; Rice, John D.; Wells, Gary N.

doi:10.1104/pp.68.1.74

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The failure of reciprocity has been observed in Chlorella pyrenoidosa for the inhibition of photosynthesis by UV-C radiation (254 nm; Redford and Myers 1951) and for UV-B induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis in the seagrass Halodule wrightii (Trocine et al 1981). …”

Section: Photoinhibition Vs Dose and Dosage Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

1991

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Abstract. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on phytoplankton are usually described as a function of dose (J m-2, weighted appropriately). Experiments conducted in 1988 and 1989 on a marine diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana (Clone 3H), demonstrate that during lightlimited photosynthesis in visible radiation, the inhibition of photosynthesis by supplemental ultraviolet radiation (principally UV-B: 280 to 320 nm) is a function ofirradiance (W m-2) as well as of dose: for equal doses of UV-B, a relatively short exposure to high UV-B irradiance is more damaging to photosynthesis than a longer exposure to lower irradiance. In fact, photoinhibition by UV-B is well described as a monotonic, nonlinear function ofirradiance for time scales of 0.5 to 4 h. A nitrate-limited culture was about nine times more sensitive to UV-B than was a nutrient-replete culture, but the kinetics of photoinhibition were similar. These results have some bearing on efforts to describe the effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine primary productivity. Action spectra of photoinhibition by UV can be constructed, but they should only be used to describe photoinhibition for specified time scales. Vertical profiles of relative photoinhibition must be interpreted cautiously because photoinhibition by UV-B is likely to be a function of incubation time and results must therefore be interpreted in the context of vertical mixing.

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Section: Photoinhibition Vs Dose and Dosage Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

1991

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“…Flavonoids are believed to protect these plants against UV radiation (e.g. Trocine et al 1981). Additionally, accumulation of phenolics has been correlated with reduced microbial growth (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence of chemical deterrence against multiple herbivores in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica

Vergés

Becerro²,

Alcoverro³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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There is increasing evidence of the importance of herbivory in seagrass communities, but the factors that regulate seagrass-herbivore interactions remain largely unknown. Many terrestrial plants and marine algae chemically deter herbivores using secondary metabolites, yet their incidence and role on seagrasses have received little attention. Posidonia oceanica, the dominant seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea, suffers a high level of herbivory and produces phenolics, a type of compounds known to deter feeding in algae and terrestrial plants. We have experimentally quantified the chemical deterrence of P. oceanica against 3 types of sympatric consumers by comparing feeding on palatable agar-based foods containing aqueous and organic extracts of P. oceanica at natural concentrations with that on appropriate controls. The effect of plant chemistry was measured on the feeding of the sea urchins Spharechinus granularis, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, the mesograzer gastropod Cerithium vulgatum, and the general fish assemblage inhabiting P. oceanica meadows. Since these 5 experiments were run independently, we used meta-analysis to test the overall hypothesis that P. oceanica is chemically defended against multiple consumers and to compare the magnitude of their inhibition. Our results clearly showed that the seagrass extracts significantly deterred feeding, although inhibition varied between consumers. S. granularis was the most deterred organism, while the mesograzer C. vulgatum was the only species unaffected by P. oceanica extracts. These results represent the first experimental evidence for seagrass chemical deterrence against a range of consumers, and emphasise the potential importance of chemically mediated interactions between seagrass and herbivores.

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“…Often, reciprocity is assumed to hold (Damkaer et al 1981;Smith and Baker 1982) or its importance is acknowledged (Béland et al 1999;Kouwenberg et al 1999) though it is not directly tested. Trocine et al (1981) found that at a given UV-B dose, low dose rates over a long period of time produced the same degree of photosynthetic inhibition as higher dose rates over a shorter period of time in two of three species of seagrasses. Reciprocity held, and no significant PER was found in these two species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

Grad

Williamson

Karapelou

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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As stratospheric ozone concentrations are reduced, exposure of organisms to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the earth increases. Many organisms can repair DNA damaged by UVR through photoenzymatic repair (PER) using the enzyme photolyase, in the presence of photorepair radiation (UV-A and visible light [PRR]). Biological weighting functions have been used to model UVR damage in organisms in an attempt to predict the short-term effects of ozone depletion. One assumption of these studies is that reciprocity-satisfied when the effect of a dose is independent of the dose rate-must hold. Here we exposed organisms to damaging UV-B radiation in both the presence and absence of PRR. This study explicitly tests whether reciprocity holds in two zooplankters with differing PER abilities: Daphnia pulicaria, and Asplanchna girodi. We found significant PER and a failure of reciprocity when comparing Daphnia and Asplanchna survival at different dose rates. However, in a higher dose experiment with Asplanchna, we found no significant PER, and reciprocity held. These experiments show a link between PER and reciprocity. The ability of Daphnia and Asplanchna to produce viable offspring after UVR exposure did not vary with dose rate but did vary with PRR. Reciprocity held in all cases where PRR was provided, but in the absence of PRR all offspring died. This study shows that overall dose, dose rate, the ability to undergo PER, and the presence of PRR are important factors to consider when studying the effects of UVR on organisms.

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Inhibition of Seagrass Photosynthesis by Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

Experimental evidence of chemical deterrence against multiple herbivores in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica

Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

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